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• Spouse(s) ( m. 1991) Partner(s) Children 4, including Relatives (sister) Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American,,, and. He was the, (CEO), and co-founder of; CEO and majority shareholder of; a member of 's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of. Jobs and Apple co-founder are widely recognized as pioneers of the of the 1970s and 1980s. He was born in to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the during the 1960s. Jobs then attended in 1972 before dropping out, and in 1974 seeking enlightenment and. Jobs's declassified FBI report stated that an acquaintance knew that Jobs had used and while he was in college.

Jobs once told a reporter that taking LSD was 'one of the two or three most important things' he did in his life. Jobs and Wozniak co-founded Apple in 1976 to sell Wozniak's personal computer. The visionaries gained fame and wealth a year later for the, one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers. In 1979, after a tour of, Jobs saw the commercial potential of the, which was -driven and had a (GUI). This led to development of the unsuccessful in 1983, followed by the breakthrough in 1984. In addition to being the first mass-produced computer with a, the Macintosh introduced the sudden rise of the industry in 1985 with the addition of the Apple, the first to feature. Following a long power struggle, Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985.

After leaving Apple, Jobs took a few of its members with him to found, a development company that specialized in state-of-the-art computers for higher-education and business markets. In addition, Jobs helped to initiate the development of the industry when of 's in 1986.

The new company, Pixar, would eventually produce the first fully film, —an event made possible in part because of Jobs's financial support. In 1997, Apple merged with NeXT. Within a few months of the merger, Jobs became CEO of his former company; he revived Apple at the verge of bankruptcy. Beginning in 1997 with the ' advertising campaign, Jobs worked closely with designer to develop a line of products that would have larger cultural ramifications: the, and,,,,, and the. In 2001, the original was replaced with a completely new, based on NeXT's platform, giving the OS a modern -based foundation for the first time. Jobs was diagnosed with a in 2003 and died on October 5, 2011, of related to the pancreatic tumor.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Background Family Steve Jobs's biological parents were Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble. His adoptive parents were Paul Jobs and Clara Hagopian. His biological father, Abdulfattah 'John' Jandali (: عبد الفتاح الجندلي) (b. March 15, 1931), grew up in, Syria and was born into an household. Jandali is the son of a self-made millionaire who did not go to college and a mother who was a traditional housewife. While an undergraduate at the,, he was a student activist and spent time in jail for his political activities. Although Jandali initially wanted to study, he eventually decided to study and.

He pursued a PhD in the latter subject at the, where he met Joanne Carole Schieble (b. August 1, 1932), a Catholic of Swiss and German descent, who grew up on a farm in Wisconsin. As a doctoral candidate, Jandali was a for a course Schieble was taking, although both were the same age., Jobs's full biological sister, notes that her maternal grandparents were not happy that their daughter was dating Jandali: 'it wasn't that he was Middle-Eastern so much as that he was a.

But there are a lot of Arabs in Michigan and Wisconsin. So it's not that unusual.' , Steve Jobs's official biographer, additionally states that Schieble's father 'threatened to cut Joanne off completely' if she continued the relationship. Jobs's adoptive father, Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922–1993), grew up in a household, the son of an 'alcoholic and sometimes abusive' father. The family lived on a farm in. Paul bore an ostensible resemblance to; he had tattoos, dropped out of high school, and traveled around the Midwest for several years during the 1930s looking for work. He eventually joined the as an engine-room machinist.

After, Paul Jobs decided to leave the Coast Guard when his ship docked in San Francisco. He made a bet that he would find his wife in San Francisco and promptly went on a blind date with Clara Hagopian (1924–1986). They were engaged ten days later and married in 1946. Clara, the daughter of immigrants, grew up in San Francisco and had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. After a series of moves, Paul and Clara settled in in 1952. As a hobby, Paul Jobs rebuilt cars, but his career was as a ', which suited his 'aggressive, tough personality.'

Meanwhile, their attempts to start a family were halted after Clara had an, leading them to consider adoption in 1955. 'Of all the inventions of humans, the computer is going to rank near or at the top as history unfolds and we look back.

It is the most awesome tool that we have ever invented. I feel incredibly lucky to be at exactly the right place in, at, where this invention has taken form.' —Steve Jobs, 1995.

From the documentary,. Jobs's biological mother Schieble became pregnant with him in 1954 when she and Jandali spent the summer with his family in, Syria.

Jandali has stated that he 'was very much in love with Joanne. But sadly, her father was a tyrant, and forbade her to marry me, as I was from Syria. And so she told me she wanted to give the baby up for adoption.' Jobs told his official biographer that Schieble's father was dying at the time, Schieble did not want to aggravate him, and both felt that at 23 they were too young to marry. In addition, as there was a strong stigma against bearing a child out of wedlock and raising it as a single mother, and as abortions were illegal and dangerous, adoption was the only option women had in the United States in 1954.

According to Jandali, Schieble deliberately did not involve him in the process: 'without telling me, Joanne upped and left to move to San Francisco to have the baby without anyone knowing, including me. She did not want to bring shame onto the family and thought this was the best for everyone.' Schieble put herself in the care of a 'doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions.' Schieble gave birth to Jobs on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco and chose an adoptive couple for him that was 'Catholic, well-educated, and wealthy.' The couple changed their mind, however, and decided to adopt a girl instead.

The baby boy was then placed with the couple Paul and Clara Jobs, neither of whom had a college education, and Schieble refused to sign the adoption papers. She then took the matter to court in an attempt to have her baby placed with a different family and only consented to releasing the baby to Paul and Clara after they promised that he would attend college.

When Steve Jobs was in high school, his mother Clara admitted to his girlfriend, 17-year-old, that she 'was too frightened to love [Steve] for the first six months of his life. I was scared they were going to take him away from me. Even after we won the case, Steve was so difficult a child that by the time he was two I felt we had made a mistake. I wanted to return him.' When Chrisann shared his mother's comment with Steve, he stated that he was already aware of that and would later say he was deeply loved and indulged by Paul and Clara. Many years later, Steve Jobs's wife Laurene also noted that 'he felt he had been really blessed by having the two of them as parents.'

Jobs would become upset when Paul and Clara were referred to as 'adoptive parents' as they 'were my parents 1,000%.' With regard to his biological parents, Jobs referred to them as 'my sperm and egg bank.

That's not harsh, it's just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.' Jandali has also stated that 'I really am not his dad. Jobs are, as they raised him. And I don't want to take their place.' 'I always thought of myself as a humanities person as a kid, but I liked electronics then I read something that one of my heroes,, said about the importance of people who could stand at the intersection of humanities and sciences, and I decided that's what I wanted to do.' —Steve Jobs Paul and Clara adopted Jobs's sister Patricia in 1957 and the family moved to in 1961.

It was during this time that Paul built a workbench in his garage for his son in order to 'pass along his love of mechanics.' Jobs, meanwhile, admired his father's craftsmanship 'because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it.

When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him. I wasn't that into fixing cars.

But I was eager to hang out with my dad.' By the time he was ten, Jobs was deeply involved in electronics and befriended many of the engineers who lived in the neighborhood.

He had difficulty making friends with children his own age, however, and was seen by his classmates as a 'loner.' Childhood home of Steve Jobs in that served as the original site of. The home was added to a list of historic Los Altos sites in 2013. Jobs had difficulty functioning in a traditional classroom, tended to resist authority figures, frequently misbehaved and was suspended a few times. Clara had taught him to read as a toddler, and Jobs stated that he was 'pretty bored in school and [had] turned into a little terror. You should have seen us in the third grade, we basically destroyed the teacher.' He frequently played pranks on others at Monta Loma Elementary school in Mountain View.

His father Paul (who was abused as a child) never reprimanded him, however, and instead blamed the school for not placing enough challenge on his brilliant son. Jobs would later credit his fourth grade teacher, Imogene 'Teddy' Hill, with turning him around: 'She taught an advanced fourth grade class and it took her about a month to get hip to my situation. She bribed me into learning. She would say, 'I really want you to finish this workbook.

I'll give you five bucks if you finish it.' That really kindled a passion in me for learning things!

I learned more that year than I think I learned in any other year in school. They wanted me to skip the next two years in grade school and go straight to junior high to learn a foreign language but my parents very wisely wouldn't let it happen.' Jobs skipped the fifth grade and transferred to the sixth grade at Crittenden Middle School in Mountain View where he became a 'socially awkward loner.' Jobs 'was often bullied' and gave his parents an ultimatum: they had to either take him out of Crittenden or he would drop out of school. Though the Jobs family was not well off, they used all their savings in 1967 to buy a new home, which would allow Jobs to change schools. The new house (a three-bedroom home on Crist Drive in ) was in the better,, and was embedded in an environment that was even more heavily populated with engineering families than the Mountain View home. The house was declared a historic site in 2013 as it was the first site for Apple Computer and is now owned by Patty and occupied by Jobs's step-mother Marilyn.

When he was 13 in 1968, Jobs was given a summer job by (of ) after Jobs cold-called him to ask for parts for an electronics project: 'He didn't know me at all, but he ended up giving me some parts and he got me a job that summer working at Hewlett-Packard on the line, assembling frequency counters.well, assembling may be too strong. I was putting in screws. It didn't matter; I was in heaven.'

, a fellow electronics hobbyist who was in Jobs's grade at Cupertino Junior High, was his first friend after the 1967 move. Fernandez later commented that 'for some reason the kids in the eighth grade didn't like [Jobs] because they thought he was odd. I was one of his few friends.' Fernandez eventually introduced Jobs to 18-year-old electronics whiz and Homestead High, who lived across the street from Fernandez. Homestead High The location of the Los Altos home meant that Jobs would be able to attend in (and with strong ties to).

He began his first year there in late 1968 along with Fernandez. Neither Jobs nor Fernandez (whose father was a lawyer) came from engineering households and thus decided to enroll in John McCollum's 'Electronics 1.' McCollum and the rebellious Jobs (who had grown his hair long and become involved in the growing counterculture) would eventually clash and Jobs began to lose interest in the class. He also had no interest in sports and would later say that he didn't have what it took to 'be a jock. I was always a loner.'

He underwent a change during mid-1970: 'I got stoned for the first time; I discovered Shakespeare,, and all that classic stuff. I read and went back as a junior taking creative writing classes.' Jobs also later noted to his official biographer that 'I started to listen to music a whole lot, and I started to read more outside of just science and technology—,. When I was a senior I had this phenomenal. The teacher was this guy who looked like. He took a bunch of us snowshoeing in Yosemite.' From that point, Jobs developed two different circles of friends: those who were involved in electronics and engineering and those who were interested in art and literature.

These dual interests were particularly reflected during Jobs's senior year as his best friends were Wozniak and his first girlfriend, the artistic Homestead junior. In 1971 after Wozniak began attending, Jobs would visit him there a few times a week. This experience led him to study in nearby 's student union. Jobs also decided that rather than join the electronics club, he would put on light shows with a friend for Homestead's avant-garde Jazz program. He was described by a Homestead classmate as 'kind of a brain and kind of a hippie.

But he never fit into either group. He was smart enough to be a nerd, but wasn't nerdy. And he was too intellectual for the hippies, who just wanted to get wasted all the time. He was kind of an outsider. In high school everything revolved around what group you were in. And if you weren't in a carefully defined group, you weren't anybody. He was an individual, in a world where individuality was suspect.'

By his senior year in late 1971, he was taking freshman English class at Stanford and working on a Homestead underground film project with Chrisann. In mid-1972, after graduation and before leaving for, Jobs and Brennan rented a house from their other roommate, Al. During the summer, Brennan, Jobs, and found an advertisement posted on the bulletin board for a job that required people to dress up as characters from.

Gta Vice City Crack File Download. Brennan portrayed Alice while Wozniak, Jobs, and Al portrayed the White Rabbit and the Mad Hatter. Reed College. 'I was interested in which hit the shores about then. At there was a constant flow of people stopping by – from and, to.

There was a constant flow of intellectual questioning about the truth of life. That was the time when every college student in the country read and.' —Steve Jobs Later in the year, Jobs enrolled at in. Reed was an expensive college which Paul and Clara could ill afford. They were spending much of their life savings on their son's higher education. Brennan remained involved with Jobs while he was at Reed College.

She also met his Reed friend for the first time. Jobs also became friends with Reed's student body president,. Brennan (who was now a senior at Homestead) did not have plans to attend college, and was supportive of Jobs when he told her he planned to drop out of Reed because he did not want to spend his parents' money on it (neither her father nor Jobs's adoptive parents had gone to college). He continued to attend by auditing classes, including a course on taught by, but since he was no longer an official student, Brennan stopped visiting him. Jobs later asked her to come and live with him in a house he rented near the Reed campus, but she refused. He had started seeing other women, and she was interested in someone she met in her art class. Brennan speculates that the house was Jobs's attempt to make their relationship monogamous again.

In a 2005 commencement speech for, Jobs states that during this period, he slept on the floor in friends' dorm rooms, returned Coke bottles for food money, and got weekly free meals at the local temple. In that same speech, Jobs said: 'If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple or proportionally spaced fonts.' I was lucky to get into computers when it was a very young and idealistic industry. There weren't many degrees offered in computer science, so people in computers were brilliant people from mathematics, physics, music, zoology, whatever.

They loved it, and no one was really in it for the money [.] There are people around here who start companies just to make money, but the great companies, well, that's not what they're about.' —Steve Jobs Pre-Apple In mid-1972, Jobs moved back to the and was renting his own apartment.

Brennan states by this point that their 'relationship was complicated. I couldn't break the connection and I couldn't commit. Steve couldn't either.' Jobs hitchhiked and worked around the West Coast and Brennan would occasionally join him. At the same time, Brennan notes, 'little by little, Steve and I separated. But we were never able to fully let go. We never talked about breaking up or going our separate ways and we didn't have that conversation where one person says it's over.'

They continued to grow apart, but Jobs would still seek her out, and visit her while she was working in a health food store or as a live-in babysitter. They remained involved with each other while continuing to see other people.

In 1973, designed his own version of the classic video game. After finishing it, Wozniak gave the board to Jobs, who then took the game down to in. Atari thought that Jobs had built it and gave him a job as a. Atari's cofounder later described him as 'difficult but valuable', pointing out that 'he was very often the smartest guy in the room, and he would let people know that.' By early 1973, Jobs was living what Brennan describes as a 'simple life' in a cabin, working at, and saving money for to. Brennan visited him twice at the cabin. She states in her memoir that her memories of this cabin consist of Jobs reading (and giving her a copy), listening to music, and using a Japanese meditation pillow.

Brennan felt that he was more distant and negative toward her. Brennan states in her memoir that she met with Jobs right before he left for and that he tried to give her a $100 bill that he had earned. She initially refused to accept it but eventually accepted the money. Jobs traveled to India in mid-1974 to visit at his Kainchi with his Reed friend (and eventual Apple employee), in search of. When they got to the Neem Karoli ashram, it was almost deserted because Neem Karoli Baba had died in September 1973.

Then they made a long trek up a dry riverbed to an ashram of. In India, they spent a lot of time on bus rides from to and. After staying for seven months, Jobs left India and returned to the US ahead of Daniel Kottke. Jobs had changed his appearance; his head was shaved and he wore traditional Indian clothing. During this time, Jobs experimented with, later calling his experiences 'one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life.'

He spent a period at the All One Farm, a in that was owned. Brennan joined him there for a period.

During this time period, Jobs and Brennan both became practitioners of through the Zen master. Jobs was living with his parents again, in their backyard toolshed which he had converted into a bedroom with a sleeping bag, mat, books, a candle, and a meditation pillow. Jobs engaged in lengthy at the, the oldest monastery in the US. He considered taking up monastic residence at in, and maintained a lifelong appreciation for Zen. Jobs would later say that people around him who did not share his roots could not fully relate to his thinking. Jobs then returned to Atari and was assigned to create a for the video game. According to Bushnell, Atari offered US$100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine.

Jobs had little specialized knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari engineers, Wozniak reduced the TTL count to 46, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line. According to Wozniak, Jobs told him that Atari gave them only $700 (instead of the $5,000 paid out), and that Wozniak's share was thus $350. Wozniak did not learn about the actual bonus until ten years later, but said that if Jobs had told him about it and explained that he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him. Wozniak had designed a low-cost digital ' to generate the necessary tones to manipulate the telephone network, allowing free long-distance calls. Jobs decided that they could make money selling it.

The clandestine sales of the illegal 'blue boxes' went well and perhaps planted the seed in Jobs's mind that electronics could be both fun and profitable. Jobs, in a 1994 interview, recalled that it took six months for him and Wozniak to figure out how to build the blue boxes. Jobs said that if not for the blue boxes, there would have been no Apple. He states it showed them that they could take on large companies and beat them. Apple (1976–1985).

'Basically Steve Wozniak and I invented the Apple because we wanted a personal computer. Not only couldn't we afford the computers that were on the market, those computers were impractical for us to use. The Volkswagen isn't as fast or comfortable as other ways of traveling, but the VW owners can go where they want, when they want and with whom they want. The VW owners have personal control of their car.' Jobs and Wozniak attended meetings of the in 1975. In 1976, Wozniak invented the computer and showed it to Jobs, who suggested that they sell it.

Jobs, Wozniak, and formed (now called Apple Inc.) in the garage of Jobs's Los Altos home on Crist Drive. Wayne stayed only a short time, leaving Jobs and Wozniak as the active primary cofounders of the company. The two decided on the name 'Apple' after Jobs had returned from the All One Farm commune in Oregon, where he would spend time in the farm's apple orchard. A neighbor on Crist Drive recalled Jobs as an odd individual who would greet his clients 'with his underwear hanging out, barefoot and hippie-like.'

Another neighbor, Larry Waterland, who had just earned his PhD in chemical engineering at Stanford, recalled dismissing Jobs's budding business: ' 'You punched cards, put them in a big deck,' he said about the mainframe machines of that time. 'Steve took me over to the garage. He had a circuit board with a chip on it, a DuMont TV set, a Panasonic cassette tape deck and a keyboard.

He said, 'This is an Apple computer.' I said, 'You've got to be joking.' I dismissed the whole idea.'

' Jobs's friend from Reed College and India,, recalled that he 'was the only person who worked in the garage. Woz would show up once a week with his latest code. Steve Jobs didn't get his hands dirty in that sense.' Kottke also stated that much of the early work took place in Jobs's kitchen, where he spent hours on the phone trying to find investors for the company. They received funding from a then-semi-retired product marketing manager and engineer., one of the cofounders of, said that Jobs broke a ' in Silicon Valley because he'd created a very successful company at a young age. 'For what characterizes Apple is that its scientific staff always acted and performed like artists – in a field filled with dry personalities limited by the rational and binary worlds they inhabit, Apple's engineering teams had passion.

They always believed that what they were doing was important and, most of all, fun. Working at Apple was never just a job; it was also a crusade, a mission, to bring better computer power to people. At its roots that attitude came from Steve Jobs. It was ', the slogan of the sixties, rewritten in technology for the eighties and called.' Young, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward (1987). After she returned from her own journey to India, Brennan visited Jobs at his parents' home, where he was still living.

It was during this period that Jobs and Brennan fell in love again, as Brennan noted changes in him that she attributes to (whom she was also still following). It was also at this time that Jobs displayed a prototype for Brennan and his parents in their living room. Brennan notes a shift in this time period, where the two main influences on Jobs were and. By the early 1977, she and Jobs would spend time together at her home at, which served as a hostel and environmental education center. Brennan also worked there as a teacher for inner city children who came to learn about the farm. In 1977, Jobs and Wozniak introduced the at the.

It was the first consumer product sold by and was one of the first highly successful mass-produced products, It was designed primarily. Jobs oversaw the development of the Apple II's unusual case and developed the unique power supply. Jobs usually went to work wearing a black long-sleeved made by (it was sometimes reported as brand), 501 blue jeans, and 991 sneakers. He said his choice was inspired by that of, a noted applied mathematics professor at Brown University.

Jobs told his biographer Walter Isaacson '.he came to like the idea of having a uniform for himself, both because of its daily convenience (the rationale he claimed) and its ability to convey a signature style.' Jobs and Apple became more successful, and his relationship with Brennan grew more complex. In 1977, the success of Apple was now a part of their relationship, and Brennan,, and Jobs moved into a house near the Apple office in. Brennan eventually took a position in the shipping department at Apple. Brennan's relationship with Jobs was deteriorating as his position with Apple grew, and she began to consider ending the relationship through small changes. In October 1977, Brennan was approached by, who asked her to take 'a paid apprenticeship designing blueprints for the Apples.'

Both Holt and Jobs felt that it would be a good position for her, given her artistic abilities. Holt was particularly eager that she take the position and puzzled by her ambivalence toward it. Brennan's decision, however, was overshadowed by the fact that she realized she was pregnant and that Jobs was the father.

It took her a few days to tell Jobs, whose face, according to Brennan 'turned ugly' at the news. At the same time, according to Brennan, at the beginning of her third trimester, Jobs said to her: 'I never wanted to ask that you get an abortion. I just didn't want to do that.' He also refused to discuss the pregnancy with her.

Brennan herself felt confused about what to do. She was estranged from her mother and afraid to discuss the matter with her father. She also did not feel comfortable with the idea of having an abortion. She chose instead to discuss the matter with Kobun, who encouraged her to have and keep the baby, and pledged his support. Meanwhile, Holt was waiting for her decision on the internship. Brennan states that Jobs continued to encourage her to take the internship, stating she could 'be pregnant and work at Apple, you can take the job.

I don't get what the problem is.' Brennan however notes that she 'felt so ashamed: the thought of my growing belly in the professional environment at Apple, with the child being his, while he was unpredictable, in turn being punishing and sentimentally ridiculous.

I could not have endured it.' Brennan turned down the internship and decided to leave Apple. She stated that Jobs told her 'If you give up this baby for adoption, you will be sorry' and 'I am never going to help you.' Now alone, Brennan was on welfare and cleaning houses to earn money. She would sometimes ask Jobs for money but he always refused.

Brennan hid her pregnancy for as long as she could, living in a variety of homes and continuing her work with Zen meditation. At the same time, according to Brennan, Jobs 'started to seed people with the notion that I slept around and he was infertile, which meant that this could not be his child.' A few weeks before she was due to give birth, Brennan was invited to deliver her baby at the All One Farm and she accepted the offer. When Jobs was 23 (the same age as his biological parents when they had him) Brennan gave birth to her baby,, on May 17, 1978.

'Dear, This morning's papers carried suggestions that Apple is considering removing me as chairman. I don't know the source of these reports, but they are both misleading to the public and unfair to me. You will recall that at last Thursday's Board meeting I stated I had decided to start a new venture, and I tendered my resignation as chairman. The Board declined to accept my resignation and asked me to defer it for a week. I agreed to do so in light of the encouragement the Board offered with regard to the proposed new venture and the indications that Apple would invest in it. On Friday, after I told John Sculley who would be joining me, he confirmed Apple's willingness to discuss areas of possible collaboration between Apple and my new venture.

Subsequently the Company appears to be adopting a hostile posture toward me and the new venture. Accordingly, I must insist upon the immediate acceptance of my resignation.

I would hope that in any statement it feels it must issue, the Company will make it clear that the decision to resign as chairman was mine. I find myself both saddened and perplexed by the management's conduct in this matter which seems to me contrary to Apple's best interests. Those interests remain a matter of deep concern to me, both because of my past association with Apple and the substantial investment I retain in it.

I continue to hope that calmer voices within the Company may yet be heard. Some Company representatives have said they fear I will use proprietary Apple technology in my new venture.

There is no basis for any such concern. If that concern is the real source of Apple's hostility to the venture, I can allay it. As you know, the company's recent re-organization left me with no work to do and no access even to regular management reports. I am but 30 and want still to contribute and achieve. After what we have accomplished together, I would wish our parting to be both amicable and dignified. Yours sincerely, Steven P. —Steve Jobs, letter of resignation from, September 17th, 1985.

Jobs went there for the birth after he was contacted by, their mutual friend and the farm owner. While distant, Jobs worked with her on a name for the baby, which they discussed while sitting in the fields on a blanket. Brennan suggested the name 'Lisa' which Jobs also liked and notes that Jobs was very attached to the name 'Lisa' while he 'was also publicly denying paternity.' She would discover later that during this time, Jobs was preparing to unveil a new kind of computer that he wanted to give a female name (his first choice was 'Claire' after ). She also stated that she never gave him permission to use the baby's name for a computer and he hid the plans from her.

Jobs also worked with his team to come up with the phrase, 'Local Integrated Software Architecture' as an alternative explanation for the (decades later, however, Jobs admitted to his biographer that 'obviously, it was named for my daughter' ). Brennan would come under intense criticism from Jobs, who claimed that 'she doesn't want money, she just wants me.' According to Brennan, Apple's wanted Jobs to give her money, while other Apple executives 'advised him to ignore me or fight if I tried to go after a paternity settlement.' When Jobs denied paternity, a established him as Lisa's father. It required him to give Brennan $385 a month in addition to returning the welfare money she had received. Jobs gave her $500 a month at the time when Apple went public, and Jobs became a millionaire.

Brennan worked as a waitress in. Later, Brennan agreed to give an interview with for magazine for its special, released on January 3, 1983, in which she discussed her relationship with Jobs. Rather than name Jobs the Person of the Year, the magazine named the computer the 'Machine of the Year'. In the issue, Jobs questioned the reliability of the paternity test (which stated that the 'probability of paternity for Jobs, Steven. Jobs responded by arguing that '28% of the male population of the United States could be the father.'

Time also noted that 'the baby girl and the machine on which Apple has placed so much hope for the future share the same name: Lisa.' Jobs was worth a million dollars when he was 23 in 1978, 10 million when he was 24, and over 100 million when he was 25. He was also one of the youngest 'people ever to make the list of the nation's richest people – and one of only a handful to have done it themselves, without inherited wealth.' In 1978, Apple recruited from to serve as CEO for what turned out to be several turbulent years. In 1983, Jobs lured away from to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, 'Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water, or do you want a chance to change the world?'

In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment in the two top floors of, a Manhattan building with a politically progressive reputation. Although he never lived there, he spent years renovating it with the help of. In 2003, he sold it to singer. In 1984, Jobs bought the and estate, and resided there for a decade. After that, he leased it out for several years until 2000 when he stopped maintaining the house, allowing exposure to the weather to degrade it. In 2004, Jobs received permission from the town of Woodside to demolish the house in order to build a smaller contemporary styled one.

After a few years in court, the house was finally demolished in 2011, a few months before he died. In early 1984, Apple introduced the, which was based on (and -driven ). The following year, Apple aired a television commercial titled '.'

At Apple's annual shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the to a wildly enthusiastic audience; described the scene as 'pandemonium.' Despite the fanfare, the expensive Macintosh was a hard sell. Shortly after its release in 1985, 's then-developing company,, threatened to stop developing Mac applications unless it was granted 'a license for the Mac operating system software. Microsoft was developing its graphical user interface. For DOS, which it was calling and didn't want Apple to sue over the similarities between the Windows GUI and the Mac interface.'

Sculley granted Microsoft the license which later led to problems for Apple. In addition, cheap that ran on Microsoft software and had a graphical user interface began to appear. Although the Macintosh preceded the clones, it was far more expensive, so 'through the late '80s, the Windows user interface was getting better and better and was thus taking increasingly more share from Apple.'

Windows based IBM-PC clones also led to the development of additional GUIs such as IBM's TopView or Digital Research's GEM, and thus 'the graphical user interface was beginning to be taken for granted, undermining the most apparent advantage of the Mac.it seemed clear as the '80s wound down that Apple couldn't go it alone indefinitely against the whole IBM-clone market.' External video, 50:08,, Sculley's and Jobs's respective visions for the company greatly differed. The former favored computers like the Apple II, sold to education, small business, and home markets less vulnerable to IBM. Jobs wanted the company to focus on the Macintosh as a business alternative to the IBM PC. President and CEO Sculley had little control over chairman of the board Jobs's Macintosh division; it and the Apple II division operated like separate companies, duplicating services.

Although its products provided 85% of Apple's sales in early 1985, the company's January 1985 did not mention the Apple II division or employees. Many left including Wozniak, who stated that the company had 'been going in the wrong direction for the last five years' and sold most of his stock. The Macintosh's failure to defeat the PC strengthened Sculley's position in the company. In May 1985, Sculley—encouraged by Arthur Rock—decided to reorganize Apple, and proposed a plan to the board that would remove Jobs from the Macintosh group and put him in charge of 'New Product Development.' This move would effectively render Jobs powerless within Apple.

In response, Jobs then developed a plan to get rid of Sculley and take over Apple. However, Jobs was confronted after the plan was leaked, and he said that he would leave Apple. The Board declined his resignation and asked him to reconsider. Sculley also told Jobs that he had all of the votes needed to go ahead with the reorganization. A few months later, on September 17, 1985, Jobs submitted a letter of resignation to the Apple Board. Five additional senior Apple employees also resigned and joined Jobs in his new venture,. 1985–1997 NeXT computer.

See also: Following his resignation from Apple in 1985, Jobs founded with $7 million. A year later he was running out of money, and he sought venture capital with no product on the horizon. Eventually, Jobs attracted the attention of billionaire, who invested heavily in the company. The NeXT computer was shown to the world in what was considered Jobs's comeback event, a lavish invitation only gala that was described as a multimedia extravaganza.

The celebration was held at the, San Francisco, California on Wednesday October 12, 1988. Said in a 2013 interview that while Jobs was at NeXT he was 'really getting his head together'. NeXT workstations were first released in 1990 and priced at US$9,999. Like the, the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced and designed for the education sector, but was largely dismissed as cost-prohibitive for educational institutions.

The NeXT workstation was known for its technical strengths, chief among them its software development system. Jobs marketed NeXT products to the financial, scientific, and academic community, highlighting its innovative, experimental new technologies, such as the, the chip, and the built-in port. Making use of a NeXT computer, English computer scientist invented the in 1989 at in Switzerland. The revised, second generation was released in 1990.

Jobs touted it as the first 'interpersonal' computer that would replace the personal computer. With its innovative multimedia email system, NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video in email for the first time. 'Interpersonal computing is going to revolutionize human communications and groupwork', Jobs told reporters. Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case. This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of /.

The company reported its first profit of $1.03 million in 1994. In 1996, NeXT Software, Inc.

Released, a framework for Web application development. After NeXT was acquired by Apple Inc. In 1997, WebObjects was used to build and run the, services, and the. Pixar and Disney In 1986, Jobs funded the spinout of The Graphics Group (later renamed ) from 's computer graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital and $5 million of which was paid to Lucasfilm for technology rights.

The first film produced by Pixar with its partnership, (1995), with Jobs credited as executive producer, brought fame and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released. Over the next 15 years, under Pixar's creative chief, the company produced box-office hits (1998); (1999); (2001); (2003); (2004); (2006); (2007); (2008); (2009); and (2010). Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up and Toy Story 3 each received the, an award introduced in 2001. In 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership, and in early 2004, Jobs announced that Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films after its contract with Disney expired. In October 2005, replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to mend relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion.

When the deal closed, Jobs became 's largest single shareholder with approximately seven percent of the company's stock. Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceeded those of Eisner, who holds 1.7 percent, and of Disney family member, who until his 2009 death held about one percent of the company's stock and whose criticisms of Eisner – especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar – accelerated Eisner's ousting. Upon completion of the merger, Jobs received 7% of Disney shares, and joined the board of directors as the largest individual shareholder. Upon Jobs's death his shares in Disney were transferred to the Steven P. Jobs Trust led by., of Pixar, described Jobs as a 'mature, mellow individual' who never interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers. In early June 2014, Pixar cofounder and President Ed Catmull revealed that Jobs once advised him to 'just explain it to them until they understand' in disagreements. Catmull released the book Creativity Inc.

In 2014, in which he recounts numerous experiences of working with Jobs. Regarding his own manner of dealing with Jobs, Catmull writes: In all the 26 years with Steve, Steve and I never had one of these loud verbal arguments and it's not my nature to do that.

But we did disagree fairly frequently about things. I would say something to him and he would immediately shoot it down because he could think faster than I could. I would then wait a week. I'd call him up and I give my counter argument to what he had said and he'd immediately shoot it down.

So I had to wait another week, and sometimes this went on for months. But in the end one of three things happened.

About a third of the time he said, 'Oh, I get it, you're right.' And that was the end of it.

And it was another third of the time in which [I'd] say, 'Actually I think he is right.' The other third of the time, where we didn't reach consensus, he just let me do it my way, never said anything more about it. Steve Jobs's house, as viewed from an adjacent sidewalk. Abundant fruit trees are visible next to the house. Notes that after Jobs was forced out of Apple, 'he apologized many times over for his behavior' towards her and Lisa. She also states that Jobs 'said that he never took responsibility when he should have, and that he was sorry.'

By this time, Jobs had developed a strong relationship with Lisa and when she was nine, Jobs had her name on her birth certificate changed from 'Lisa Brennan' to '.' In addition, Jobs and Brennan developed a working relationship to co-parent Lisa, a change Brennan credits to the influence of his newly found biological sister, (who worked to repair the relationship between Lisa and Jobs).

Jobs found Mona after first finding his birth mother, Joanne Schieble Simpson, shortly after he left Apple. Jobs did not contact his birth family during Clara's (his adoptive mother) lifetime, however. He would later tell his official biographer: 'I never wanted [Paul and Clara] to feel like I didn't consider them my parents, because they were totally my parents [.] I loved them so much that I never wanted them to know of my search, and I even had reporters keep it quiet when any of them found out.'

However, in 1986 when he was 31, Clara was diagnosed with lung cancer. He began to spend a great deal of time with her and learned more details about her background and his adoption, information that motivated him to find his biological mother. Jobs found on his birth certificate the name of the San Francisco doctor to whom Schieble had turned when she was pregnant. Although the doctor did not help Jobs while he was alive, he left a letter for Jobs to be opened upon his death. As he died soon afterwards, Jobs was given the letter which stated that 'his mother had been an unmarried graduate student from Wisconsin named Joanne Schieble.' Jobs only contacted Schieble after Clara died and after he received permission from his father, Paul. In addition, out of respect for Paul, he asked the media not to report on his search.

Jobs stated that he was motivated to find his birth mother out of both curiosity and a need 'to see if she was okay and to thank her, because I'm glad I didn't end up as an abortion. She was twenty-three and she went through a lot to have me.' Schieble was emotional during their first meeting (though she wasn't familiar with the history of Apple or Jobs's role in it) and told him that she had been pressured into signing the adoption papers. She said that she regretted giving him up and repeatedly apologized to him for it. Jobs and Schieble would develop a friendly relationship throughout the rest of his life and would spend Christmas together.

When Jobs died in 2011, Schieble was suffering from and living in a nursing home. She was not told about his death. During this first visit, Schieble told Jobs that he had a sister, Mona, who was not aware that she had a brother. Schieble then arranged for them to meet in New York where Mona worked. Her first impression of Jobs was that 'he was totally straightforward and lovely, just a normal and sweet guy.'

Simpson and Jobs then went for a long walk to get to know each other. Jobs later told his biographer that 'Mona was not completely thrilled at first to have me in her life and have her mother so emotionally affectionate toward me.... As we got to know each other, we became really good friends, and she is my family. I don't know what I'd do without her. I can't imagine a better sister. My adopted sister, Patty, and I were never close.'

'I grew up as an only child, with a single mother. Because we were poor and because I knew my father had emigrated from Syria, I imagined he looked like. I hoped he would be rich and kind and would come into our lives (and our not-yet-furnished apartment) and help us. Later, after I'd met my father, I tried to believe he'd changed his number and left no forwarding address because he was an idealistic revolutionary, plotting a new world for the Arab people.

Even as a feminist, my whole life I'd been waiting for a man to love, who could love me. For decades, I'd thought that man would be my father. When I was 25, I met that man, and he was my brother.' — Jobs then learned his family history. Six months after he was given up for adoption, Schieble's father died, she wed Jandali, and they had a daughter, Mona. Jandali states that after finishing his PhD he returned to Syria to work and that it was during this period that Schieble left him (they divorced in 1962). He also states that after the divorce he lost contact with Mona for a period of time: I also bear the responsibility for being away from my daughter when she was four years old, as her mother divorced me when I went to Syria, but we got back in touch after 10 years.

We lost touch again when her mother moved and I didn't know where she was, but since 10 years ago we've been in constant contact, and I see her three times a year. I organized a trip for her last year to visit Syria and Lebanon and she went with a relative from Florida. A few years later, Schieble married an ice skating teacher, George Simpson. Mona Jandali took her stepfather's last name thus became Mona Simpson. In 1970, after they divorced, Schieble took Mona to Los Angeles and raised her on her own. Jobs told his official biographer that after meeting Simpson, he wanted to become involved in her ongoing search for their father. When he was found working in Sacramento, they decided that only Simpson would meet him.

Jandali and Simpson spoke for several hours at which point he told her that he had left teaching for the restaurant business. He also said that he and Schieble had given another child away for adoption but that 'we'll never see that baby again. That baby's gone.' (Simpson did not mention that she had met Jobs). Jandali further told Simpson that he once managed a Mediterranean restaurant near and that 'all of the successful technology people used to come there. Even Steve Jobs.

Oh yeah, he used to come in, and he was a sweet guy and a big tipper.' After hearing about the visit, Jobs recalled that 'it was amazing. I had been to that restaurant a few times, and I remember meeting the owner. He was Syrian. We shook hands.' However, Jobs did not want to meet Jandali because 'I was a wealthy man by then, and I didn't trust him not to try to blackmail me or go to the press about it. I asked Mona not to tell him about me.'

Jandali later discovered his relationship to Jobs through an online blog. He then contacted Simpson and asked 'what is this thing about Steve Jobs?' Simpson told him that it was true and later commented, 'My father is thoughtful and a beautiful storyteller, but he is very, very passive. He never contacted Steve.' Because Simpson, herself, researched her Syrian roots and began to meet members of the family, she assumed that Jobs would eventually want to meet their father, but he never did. Jobs also never showed an interest in his Syrian heritage or the Middle East. Simpson fictionalized the search for their father in the 1992 novel,.

In 1989, Jobs first met his future wife,, when he gave a lecture at the, where she was a student. Soon after the event, he stated that Laurene 'was right there in the front row in the lecture hall, and I couldn't take my eyes off of her. Kept losing my train of thought, and started feeling a little giddy.' After the lecture, Jobs met up with her in the parking lot and invited her out to dinner. From that point forward, they were together, with a few minor exceptions, for the rest of his life. Powell's father died when she was very young, and her mother raised her in a middle class home similar to the one Jobs grew up in.

After she received her B.A. From the, she spent a short period in high finance but found it didn't interest her, so she decided to pursue her MBA at Stanford instead. In addition, unlike Jobs, she was athletic and followed professional sports. She also brought as much self-sufficiency to the relationship as he did and was more of a private than public person. Jobs proposed on New Year's Day 1990 with 'a fistful of freshly picked wildflowers.'

They married on March 18, 1991, in a Buddhist ceremony at the in. Fifty people, including his father, Paul, and his sister, Mona, attended. The ceremony was conducted by Jobs's guru,. The vegan wedding cake was in the shape of Yosemite's, and the wedding ended with a hike (during which Laurene's brothers had a snowball fight).

Jobs is reported to have said to Mona: 'You see, Mona [.], Laurene is descended from, and we're descended from.' Jobs and Powell's first child, Reed, was born September 1991. Jobs's father, Paul, died a year and a half later, on March 5, 1993. Jobs and Powell had two more children, Erin, born in August 1995, and Eve, born in 1998.

The family lived in. A journalist who grew up locally remembered him as owning the house with 'the scariest [Hallow'een] decorations in Palo Alto.I don't remember seeing him. I was busy being terrified.'

1997–2011 Return to Apple. Jobs on stage at, San Francisco, January 11, 2005 In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy for $427 million. The deal was finalized in February 1997, bringing Jobs back to the company he had cofounded. Jobs became de facto chief after then-CEO was ousted in July 1997.

He was formally named interim chief executive in September. In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated a number of projects, such as,, and. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, 'afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company.' Jobs changed the licensing program for, making it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines. With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably, which evolved into.

Under Jobs's guidance, the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the and other new products; since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the 'interim' modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO. Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title 'iCEO'.

The company subsequently branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital appliances. With the introduction of the portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the, the company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the, a display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing scene.

While nurturing innovation, Jobs also reminded his employees that 'real artists ship [deliver product].' Jobs had a public war of words with CEO, starting in 1987, when Jobs first criticized Dell for making 'un-innovative beige boxes'.

On October 6, 1997, at a Symposium, when Dell was asked what he would do if he ran the then-troubled Apple Computer company, he said: 'I'd shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders.' Then, in 2006, Jobs sent an email to all employees when Apple's rose above Dell's: Team, it turned out that Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's stock market close, Apple is worth more than Dell. Stocks go up and down, and things may be different tomorrow, but I thought it was worth a moment of reflection today.

Jobs was both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which has been dubbed the ' and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches (colloquially known as ') at and. Jobs was a board member at from 1999 to 2002. Steve Jobs and at the fifth D: All Things Digital conference ( D5) in May 2007 In 2001, Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7.5 million shares of Apple with an exercise price of $18.30. It was alleged that the options had been, and that the exercise price should have been $21.10. It was further alleged that Jobs had thereby incurred taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not report, and that Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount.

As a result, Jobs potentially faced a number of criminal charges and civil penalties. The case was the subject of active criminal and civil government investigations, though an independent internal Apple investigation completed on December 29, 2006 found that Jobs was unaware of these issues and that the options granted to him were returned without being exercised in 2003. In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for in the US by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's annual meeting in Cupertino in April. A few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores. The responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford University graduation at which Jobs was the commencement speaker. The banner read 'Steve, don't be a mini-player—recycle all e-waste.' In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling programs to any US customer who buys a new Mac.

This program includes shipping and 'environmentally friendly disposal' of their old systems. The success of Apple's unique products and services provided several years of stable financial returns, propelling Apple to become the world's most valuable publicly traded company in 2011. Jobs was perceived as a demanding perfectionist who always aspired to position his businesses and their products at the forefront of the information technology industry by foreseeing and setting innovation and style trends. He summed up this self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the in January 2007, by quoting ice hockey player: There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love.

'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been.' And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very, very beginning.

And we always will. On July 1, 2008, a US$7 billion class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple board of directors for revenue lost because of alleged securities fraud. In a 2011 interview with biographer Walter Isaacson, Jobs revealed that he had met with U.S. President, complained about the nation's shortage of software engineers, and told Obama that he was 'headed for a one-term presidency'.

Jobs proposed that any foreign student who got an engineering degree at a U.S. University should automatically be offered a green card. After the meeting, Jobs commented, 'The president is very smart, but he kept explaining to us reasons why things can't get done....

It infuriates me.' Health issues In October 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with cancer. In mid-2004, he announced to his employees that he had a cancerous tumor in his. The prognosis for is usually very poor; Jobs stated that he had a rare, much less aggressive type, known as. Despite his diagnosis, Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for medical intervention for nine months, instead relying on a diet to try natural healing to thwart the disease. According to Harvard researcher Ramzi Amri, his choice of alternative treatment 'led to an unnecessarily early death'. Other doctors agree that Jobs's diet was insufficient to address his disease.

Cancer researcher and alternative medicine critic, for instance, said, 'My best guess was that Jobs probably only modestly decreased his chances of survival, if that.' , the chief of 's department, said, 'Jobs's faith in alternative medicine likely cost him his life. He had the only kind of pancreatic cancer that is treatable and curable. He essentially committed suicide.'

According to Jobs's biographer, Walter Isaacson, 'for nine months he refused to undergo surgery for his pancreatic cancer – a decision he later regretted as his health declined'. 'Instead, he tried a vegan diet, acupuncture, herbal remedies, and other treatments he found online, and even consulted a psychic. He was also influenced by a doctor who ran a clinic that advised juice fasts, bowel cleansings and other unproven approaches, before finally having surgery in July 2004.' He eventually underwent a (or 'Whipple procedure') in July 2004, that appeared to remove the tumor successfully. Jobs did not receive.

During Jobs's absence,, head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company. In early August 2006, Jobs delivered the keynote for Apple's annual. His 'thin, almost gaunt' appearance and unusually 'listless' delivery, together with his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry of media and Internet speculation about the state of his health. In contrast, according to an journal report, (WWDC) attendees who saw Jobs in person said he 'looked fine'. Following the keynote, an Apple spokesperson said that 'Steve's health is robust.' Two years later, similar concerns followed Jobs's 2008 WWDC keynote address.

Apple officials stated that Jobs was victim to a 'common bug' and was taking antibiotics, while others surmised his was due to the Whipple procedure. During a July conference call discussing Apple earnings, participants responded to repeated questions about Jobs's health by insisting that it was a 'private matter'. Others said that shareholders had a right to know more, given Jobs's hands-on approach to running his company. Based on an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs, reported, 'While his health problems amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug', they weren't life-threatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer.' On August 28, 2008, mistakenly published a 2500-word of Jobs in its corporate news service, containing blank spaces for his age and cause of death. (News carriers customarily stockpile up-to-date obituaries to facilitate news delivery in the event of a well-known figure's death.) Although the error was promptly rectified, many news carriers and blogs reported on it, intensifying rumors concerning Jobs's health. Jobs responded at Apple's September 2008 Let's Rock keynote by paraphrasing: 'Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated.'

At a subsequent media event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide reading '110/70', referring to his, stating he would not address further questions about his health. On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that marketing vice-president would deliver the company's final keynote address at the 2009, again reviving questions about Jobs's health. In a statement given on January 5, 2009, on, Jobs said that he had been suffering from a ' for several months. On January 14, 2009, Jobs wrote in an internal Apple memo that in the previous week he had 'learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought'. He announced a six-month leave of absence until the end of June 2009, to allow him to better focus on his health.

Tim Cook, who previously acted as CEO in Jobs's 2004 absence, became acting CEO of Apple, with Jobs still involved with 'major strategic decisions'. In 2009, Tim Cook offered a portion of his liver to Jobs, since both share a rare blood type. (The donor liver can regenerate tissue after such an operation.) Jobs yelled, 'I'll never let you do that. I'll never do that.'

In April 2009, Jobs underwent a at Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute in. Jobs's prognosis was described as 'excellent'. Resignation On January 17, 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned to work following the liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted a medical leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a letter to employees, stating his decision was made 'so he could focus on his health.'

As it did at the time of his 2009 medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company. Despite the leave, Jobs appeared at the launch event (March 2), the keynote introducing (June 6), and before the Cupertino City Council (June 7). On August 24, 2011, Jobs announced his resignation as Apple's CEO, writing to the board, 'I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple's CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come.' Jobs became chairman of the board and named Tim Cook as his successor as CEO. Jobs continued to work for Apple until the day before his death six weeks later. Memorial candles and iPads pay tribute to Steve Jobs outside the Apple Store in Palo Alto, California, shortly after his death.

Jobs died at his home around 3 p.m. () on October 5, 2011, due to complications from a of his previously treated islet-cell neuroendocrine, which resulted in. He had lost consciousness the day before and died with his wife, children, and sisters at his side. His sister,, described his death thus: 'Steve's final words, hours earlier, were monosyllables, repeated three times. Before embarking, he'd looked at his sister Patty, then for a long time at his children, then at his life's partner, Laurene, and then over their shoulders past them. Steve's final words were: 'Oh wow.

' He then lost consciousness and died several hours later. A small private funeral was held on October 7, 2011, the details of which were not revealed out of respect for Jobs's family. At the time of his death, his biological mother, Joanne Schieble Simpson, was living in a nursing home and suffering from dementia. She was not told that he died. Apple and Pixar each issued announcements of his death. Apple announced on the same day that they had no plans for a public service, but were encouraging 'well-wishers' to send their remembrance messages to an email address created to receive such messages.

And both flew their flags at throughout their respective headquarters and campuses. Ordered all properties, including and, to fly their flags at half-staff from October 6 to 12, 2011.

For two weeks following his death, Apple displayed on its corporate Web site a simple page that showed Jobs's name and lifespan next to his grayscale portrait. On October 19, 2011, Apple employees held a private memorial service for Jobs on the Apple campus in Cupertino.

Jobs's widow, Laurene, was in attendance, as well as Cook,,,, and. Some of Apple's retail stores closed briefly so employees could attend the memorial. A video of the service was uploaded to Apple's website. Governor of California declared Sunday, October 16, 2011, to be 'Steve Jobs Day.'

On that day, an invitation-only memorial was held. Those in attendance included Apple and other tech company executives, members of the media, celebrities, close friends of Jobs, and politicians, along with Jobs's family.,, and performed at the service, which lasted longer than an hour. The service was highly secured, with guards at all of the university's gates, and a helicopter flying overhead from an area news station. Each attendee was given a small brown box as a 'farewell gift' from Jobs. The box contained a copy of the.

Apple co-founder, former owner of what would become,, former rival, founder, and President all offered statements in response to his death. Jobs is buried in an at, the only cemetery in Palo Alto. Portrayals and coverage in books, film, and theater. Main article: Steve Jobs is the subject of a number of books and films. Innovations and designs Jobs's design aesthetic was influenced by the architectural style of, by the of, and by Buddhism.

In India, he experienced Buddhism while on his seven-month spiritual journey, and his sense of intuition was influenced by the spiritual people with whom he studied. According to Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak 'Steve didn't ever code. He wasn't an engineer and he didn't do any original design.' Daniel Kottke, one of Apple's earliest employees and a college friend of Jobs's, stated that 'Between Woz and Jobs, Woz was the innovator, the inventor. Steve Jobs was the marketing person.' He is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in 346 United States patents or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, and packages.

Jobs's contributions to most of his patents were to 'the look and feel of the product'. His industrial design chief had his name along with him for 200 of the patents. Most of these are design patents (specific product designs; for example, Jobs listed as primary inventor in patents for both original and lamp-style, as well as ) as opposed to utility patents (inventions).

He has 43 issued US patents on inventions. The patent on the Mac OS X user interface with 'magnification' feature was issued the day before he died. Although Jobs had little involvement in the engineering and technical side of the original Apple computers, Jobs later used his CEO position to directly involve himself with product design. Even while terminally ill in the hospital, Jobs sketched new devices that would hold the iPad in a hospital bed. He also despised the oxygen monitor on his finger and suggested ways to revise the design for simplicity. Since his death, the former Apple CEO has won 141 patents, more than most inventors win during their lifetimes.

Currently, Jobs holds over 450 patents. Main article: The Lisa is a personal computer designed by during the early 1980s. It was the first personal computer to offer a in a machine aimed at individual business users.

Development of the Lisa began in 1978. The Lisa sold poorly, with only 100,000 units sold. In 1982, after Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project, he joined the project. The Macintosh is not a direct descendant of Lisa, although there are obvious similarities between the systems.

The final revision, the Lisa 2/10, was modified and sold as the. Main article: Once he joined the team, Jobs took over the project after Wozniak had experienced a traumatic airplane accident and temporarily left the company. Jobs introduced the Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral and. This first model was later renamed to 'Macintosh 128k' for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture. Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of 'Mac', though the product family has been nicknamed 'Mac' or 'the Mac' since the development of the first model. The Macintosh was introduced by a US$1.5 million television commercial, '.

It most notably aired during the third quarter of on January 22, 1984, and some people consider the ad a 'watershed event' and a 'masterpiece.' Called the ad 'more successful than the Mac itself.' '1984' used an unnamed heroine to represent the coming of the Macintosh (indicated by a -style picture of the computer on her white ) as a means of saving humanity from the 'conformity' of IBM's attempts to dominate the computer industry. The ad to 's novel,, which described a ruled by a televised '.' The Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the for consumers, as well as the and its accompanying market for businesses. Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept Apple as the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. NeXT Computer.

Main article: Apple was introduced in 1998 and its innovative design was directly the result of Jobs's return to Apple. Apple boasted 'the back of our computer looks better than the front of anyone else's.' Described as 'cartoonlike', the first iMac, clad in Bondi Blue plastic, was unlike any personal computer that came before. In 1999, Apple introduced the Graphite gray Apple iMac and since has varied the shape, colour and size considerably while maintaining the all-in-one design.

Design ideas were intended to create a connection with the user such as the handle and a breathing light effect when the computer went to sleep. The Apple iMac sold for $1,299 at that time. The iMac also featured some technical innovations, such as having USB ports as the only device inputs. This latter change resulted, through the iMac's success, in the interface being popularised among third party peripheral makers – as evidenced by the fact that many early USB peripherals were made of translucent plastic (to match the iMac design). Main article: iTunes is a, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It is used to play, download, and organize digital and video (as well as other types of media available on the iTunes Store) on personal computers running the and operating systems. The is also available on the,, and.

Through the iTunes Store, users can purchase and download music, music videos, television shows,,, movies, and movie rentals in some countries, and, available on the iPhone and iPod Touch (fourth generation onward). For the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch can be downloaded from the. Main article: The first generation of was released October 23, 2001. The major innovation of the iPod was its small size achieved by using a 1.8' hard drive compared to the 2.5' drives common to players at that time.

The capacity of the first generation iPod ranged from 5 GB to 10 GB. The iPod sold for US$399 and more than 100,000 iPods were sold before the end of 2001. The introduction of the iPod resulted in Apple becoming a major player in the music industry. Also, the iPod's success prepared the way for the iTunes music store and the iPhone. After the 1st generation of iPod, Apple released the hard drive-based, the touchscreen iPod Touch, the video-capable, and the screenless in the following years. Main article: Apple began work on the first in 2005 and the first iPhone was released on June 29, 2007. The iPhone created such a sensation that a survey indicated six out of ten Americans were aware of its release.

Declared it 'Invention of the Year' for 2007. The Apple iPhone is a small device with multimedia capabilities and functions as a quad-band touch screen smartphone. A year later, the was released in July 2008 with three key features: support for GPS, 3G data and tri-band UMTS/HSDPA. In June 2009, the, whose improvements included voice control, a better camera, and a faster processor, was introduced by Phil Schiller. The iPhone 4 is thinner than previous models, has a five megapixel camera capable of recording video in 720p HD, and adds a secondary front-facing camera for video calls. A major feature of the, introduced in October 2011, was, a virtual assistant capable of voice recognition. Business Insider.

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