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The beta will be open to all Dawn of War II users and an exact Extensive patch notes are through the link. This topic has been locked DoW II: Retribution Patch Notes/Updates Patch it like it s hot. UPDATE: 9/4/2014 am PST 3.19.10221: Dawn of War 2 Retribution o Updated live version with Open Beta Version.

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Display your Products FREE now. Top free fashion cam driver downloads. Linux V4L/V4L2 driver for FujiFilm FinePix digital cameras in PC-CAM WebCam mode. SplitVideo from CAM or Video FILE. Serial Killer Culture examines the reasons why artists and collectors are fascinated by serial killers. Compiled by Patrick H.

Moore This compelling yet horrifying array of 51 disturbing quotes from 19 disturbed serial killers is drawn from the public domain. Although I m quite certain that each and everyone of these killers had their moments of intense terror and loneliness, I am struck by the fact that some of them seem far more unhappy than others. For example, Aileen Wuornos may have been one of the most unhappy women that every lived.

Compared to her, suave Mr. Bundy seems to to be feeling only moderate pain, while the deadly Dahmer appears to be consumed with guilt over his actions. What all of this boils down to is that although serial killers may well shares many basic personality characteristics, they are all different which makes it tough to generalize effectively about them. Aileen Wuornos the saddest woman who ever lived May your wife and children get raped, right in the ass.

To the jurors who convicted her To me, this world is nothing but evil, and my own evil just happened to come out cause of the circumstances of what I was doing. David Berkowitz was no doubt possessed by something though probably not the devil A possessed dog in the neighborhood won t let me stop killing until he gets his fill of blood. Hello from the gutters of New York City, which are filled with dog manure, vomit, stale wine, urine and blood.

I am a monster. I am the Son of Sam. I love to hunt. I was literally singing to myself on my way home, after the killing. The tension, the desire to kill a woman had built up in such explosive proportions that when I finally pulled the trigger, all the pressures, all the tensions, all the hatred, had just vanished, dissipated, but only for a short time. The demons wanted my penis.

Ed Gein the inspiration for Psycho, Texas Chainsaw Massacre and Silence of the Lambs. Gein lived in my home state of Wisconsin She isn t missing.

She s at the farm right now. I had a compulsion to do it. They smelled bad. Edmund Kemper Big Ed was tall, large and reportedly had the I.Q. He has been a model prisoner. Even when she was dead, she was still bitching at me.

I couldn t get her to shut up. I just wanted to see how it felt to shoot Grandma. I remember there was actually a sexual thrill... You hear that little pop and pull their heads of and hold their heads up by the hair. Whipping their heads off, their body sitting there.

That d get me off. The first good-looking girl I see tonight is going to die. With a girl, there s a lot left in the girl s body without a head. Of course, the personality is gone.

H.H Holmes completely unique in that he built his notorious Murder Castle where he apparently did in his victims I was born with the devil in me. I could not help the fact that I was a murderer, no more than the poet can help the inspiration to sing.I was born with the evil one standing as my sponsor beside the bed where I was ushered into the world, and he has been with me since. Henry Lee Lucas Henry was without a doubt the victim of bad parenting. The cult film, Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer is loosely based on him and possibly Ottis Toole. I strongly recommend it but keep in mind, it is not for the faint at heart.

I hated all my life. I hated everybody.

When I first grew up and can remember, I was dressed as a girl by mother. And I stayed that way for two or three years. And after that was treated like what I call the dog of the family.

I was beaten. I was made to do things that no human bein would want to do. Sex is one of my downfalls.

I get sex any way I can get it. If I have to force somebody to do it, I do I rape them; I ve done that. I ve killed animals to have sex with them, and I ve had sex while they re alive. Ian Brady Brady, killer of children along with his partner Myra Hindley, was apparently quite the intellectual. He is old and ill now and has expressed his fervent desire to die but the British authorities insist on keeping him alive by means of a feeding tube. Contrary to popular perception, the so-called Moors Murders were merely an existential exercise of just over a year, which was concluded in December 1964.

Jeffrey Dahmer What can you say about Dahmer that has not already been said and re-said. I carried it too far, that s for sure. I ve got to start eating at home more.

My consuming lust was to experience their bodies.I viewed them as objects, as strangers. It is hard for me to believe a human being could have done what I ve done I couldn t find any meaning for my life when I was out there, I m sure as hell not going to find it in here. This is the grand finale of a life poorly spent and the end result is just overwhelmingly depressing it s just a sick, pathetic, wretched, miserable life story, that s all it is. How it can help anyone, I ve no idea. John Wayne Gacy I don t like this guy at all though I am weirdly enchanted by his Clown Paintings. A clown can get away with murder.

The only thing they can get me for is running a funeral parlor without a license. Peter Kurten known as The Vampire of Dusseldorf After my head has been chopped off, will I still be able to hear, at least for a moment, the sound of my own blood gushing from my neck. That would be the best pleasure to end all pleasure. Richard Ramirez The Night Stalker was smart and could have done much good in the world if he d had a decent childhood. Big deal, death comes with the territory. See you in Disneyland.

I ve killed 20 people, man. I love all that blood. Even psychopaths have emotions, then again, maybe not. We ve all got the power in our hands to kill, but most people are afraid to use it. The ones who aren t afraid, control life itself. You maggots make me sick, I will be avenged. Lucifer dwells within us all.

Ted Bundy There s something quintessentially creepy about Bundy. A little too suave and self-serving for my taste.

I haven t blocked out the past. I wouldn t trade the person I am, or what I ve done – or the people I ve known – for anything. So I do think about it. And at times it s a rather mellow trip to lay back and remember. I just liked to kill, I wanted to kill.

You learn what you need to kill and take care of the details Its like changing a tire The 1st time you re careful By the 30th time, you can t remember where you left the lug wrench. You feel the last bit of breath leaving their body. You re looking into their eyes. A person in that situation is God. Albert DeSalvo Although DeSalvo was definitely a rapist, it has not been definitively settled whether he was actually a murderer. That could be why his quote seems unlike those of the real serial killers.

His remains have been exhumed in hopes of obtaining DNA matches. It wasn t as dark and scary as it sounds. I had a lot of fun killing somebody s a funny experience. Albert Fish Like Henry Lee Lucas, Fish was very likely prone to exaggerating his evil deeds.

He was one of the early lucky fellows to ride the chair at Sing Sing Correctional Facility in New York. I always had the desire to inflict pain on others and to have others inflict pain on me. I always seemed to enjoy everything that hurt. The desire to inflict pain, that is all that is uppermost. I saw so many boys whipped, it took root in my head. I like children, they are tasty. Arthur Shawcross This execrable human claimed to have eaten the vaginas of 3 of his 11 known female victims.

I took the right leg of that woman s body, from the knee to the hip took the fat off and ate it while he stared at the other girl. When I bit into it she just urinated right there. She was giving me oral sex, and she got carried away... So I choked her.

Dennis Rader BTK was his infamous signature. It stands for Bind, Torture, Kill. When this monster entered my brain, I will never know, but it is here to stay. How does one cure himself.

I can t stop it, the monster goes on, and hurts me as well as society. Maybe you can stop him. I actually think I may be possessed with demons, I was dropped on my head as a kid. Charles Manson You have to admit that Charlie is quite the character. I ve killed no one. I ve ordered no one to be killed.

These children who come to you with their knives, they re your children. I didn t teach them, you did. Total paranoia is just total awareness.

Believe me, if I started murdering people there d be none of ya left. You know, if I wanted to kill somebody, I d take this book and beat you to death with it. And I wouldn t feel a thing.

It d be just like walking to the drug store. Carl Panzram Panzram confessed to 22 murders, and to having sodomized over 1,000 males. He was hanged for having murdered a prison employee at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary in 1930. I wish you all had one neck and that I had my hands on it. Today I am dirty, but tomorrow I ll be just dirt. Hurry up, you Hoosier bastard, I could kill ten men while you re fooling around. The Zodiac Killer Quotes The Zodiac was very smart although he certainly might have been brought to justice if modern forensic techniques had been available during his reign of terror.

If the blue meanies are going to get me they d better get off their asses and do something. A violent, psychotic killer with a Freudian Excuse gets sick pleasure out of the suffering of his victims. It sounds like he s your basic Serial Killer, right. Sep 04, 2012 Serial killers have fascinated and disgusted us for generations, their behavior an insane cesspit of deviant acts that we can t get enough of – whether.

Are These Quotes By Christian Grey Or A Serial Killer. Can you tell if these quotes belong in Fifty Shades of Grey or a murder trial. Browse Serial Killer quotes and famous quotes about Serial Killer on SearchQuotes.com. Barry the Chopper from Fullmetal Alchemist is a comically violent serial killer even after his death. That said, the images of his backstory are rather unnerving, and. From Milwaukee Cannibal Jeffrey Dahmer to Vampire of Dusseldorf Peter Kurten, these 21 serial killer quotes come from the worst mass murderers of all time. SerialKillerCalendar.com is the number one website for true crime information, interviews and the most unusual serial killer related merchandise on the planet.

SERIAL KILLER QUOTES. Below you will find the most complete list of serial killer quotes and mass murderer quotes on the internet. We are constantly adding new quotes. PdaNet for Windows Mobile FAQ Jan 03, 2012 Last year we showed you how to tether your Android phone to your computer, no rooting required. The only catch was that it cost 16 now we re back.

What is required to install PdaNet. Does it support Vista.

On Windows XP/2000, PdaNet requires ActiveSync to be installed on your computer first. PdaNet works on Vista which already has Mobile Sync built-in. However we still recommend you install the full version of WMDC Windows Mobile Device Center from Microsoft. Without WMDC you will need to manually copy the CE setup file to your phone during installation. If you happen to have a 64 bit version of Vista, click here for more details. An unlimited data plan is recommended on your phone.

How to install and setup PdaNet. All our users agree this is one of the simplest software they have ever used - Just download the software and run the installer on Windows, then follow on-screen instructions to complete the installation on the computer end and the phone end. No extra setups needed.

How much does upgrade cost. Should I upgrade. All versions purchased before 1.80 can be upgraded to 1.80 for free and we strongly recommend you doing so.

It is as simple as downloading the new version and run it on the computer. There is a 19 upgrade charge if you upgrade to 2.0 from any previous versions. Version 2.0 has some significant improvement for Windows Mobile 6.0 phones. In particular, it adds the Proxy Mode feature that allows the phone s radio/modem to be shared by the phone and the computer at the same time. This improves the stability of the PdaNet connection and also allow the phone to be used for voice calls without having to drop the PdaNet connection. Version 2.0 starts to support some phones that can not run version 1.8 before, such as AT T Tilt, Blackjack II and some other newer Windows Mobile phones.

However if your phone runs Windows Mobile 5.0 and you have already purchased the old version, you can stay with 1.80 without paying for upgrade. On the other hand, licenses purchased for version 2.0 will work on any older versions of PdaNet. See Update History for a list of changes. What is the pricing for a site license. Do you accept Purchase Order.

License purchase with a quantity of 10 or above is considered a site license. Below is the price break down for bulk purchases: 1-9 licenses: 34/each 10-19 licenses: 29/each 20-49 licenses 27/each 50-99 licenses: 25/each 100 licenses: 23/each For site license you can either purchase by credit card directly from our website or by company check.

To purchase online, visit the purchase page. When a quantity value larger or equal to 10 is entered, the price will be adjusted automatically to the discount value. You can also purchase by check and yes we do accept Purchase Order. Please send an email to support junefabrics.com to start the PO process. Since we use an activation system to validate license usage, each phone will use up one license count so you MUST purchase enough quantity to cover all phones.

How would I get charged for using PdaNet. With default settings, PdaNet usage is treated as wireless data usage, same as usage from the any network applications on your device. Air minutes phone usage will not apply. Different cell phone carriers provide different wireless data plans. For example Verizon provides National Access which is 1x based as well as Wireless Broadband which is EVDO based.

On PdaNet version 2.x I receive connection error 3064. This error indicates some problem connecting to your data service on the phone end. Try to soft reset your phone and make sure you can browse the web on the phone directly. Then connect PdaNet and see if it works.

On PdaNet version 2.x I receive connection error 3040. On your computer bring up ActiveSync Connection Settings on Vista that is under WMDC, then make sure Allow wireless connection on device when connected to desktop is checked and Work network has been selected.

My phone is SMT5800 or Pantech Duo. PdaNet connects properly but browser fails to open any web pages. Copy the following files to your phone and open them to install: After the installation, soft reset the phone and tap the PdaNet icon, now uncheck Proxy Mode and save it. Connect PdaNet and it should start working.

On XP when I launch PdaNet I got: Error 711. Same cause as the following crash. On Vista when connecting PdaNet it crashes and gives me an error PdaNetPC.exe has stopped working. You got this error because some necessary system services have been turned off on your computer after Vista/XP is installed either by you or by your system administrator and PdaNet is not allowed to create a dialup connection. To fix this, go to Control Panel on your computer, select Administrative Tools then Services and turn back on all the Dialup or Remote connection related services In particular one named Remote Access Service. Connection established successfully but drops after 1 or 2 minutes for no reason.

This can be caused by a few different reasons: LAN connections on your computer might send data packets to the cellphone connection and cause the network to drop. You should go to Network Connections on the computer then right click and disable any LAN or Wireless Network connections. If you have a Treo 700w or 700wx, try to run My Device Windows UsbSwitch.exe on the phone to switch between RNDIS and USB Serial, then soft reset the phone and see if PdaNet works better afterwards.

Some applications on your phone might attempt to periodically connect to the Internet every few minutes, this will cause the PdaNet connection to drop. Examples for such type of programs are GoodLink, Wireless Sync, Trillian and Pocket Outlook. You need to change their settings to stop doing the auto connection when PdaNet is in use. Certain network programs on your computer might also cause this to happen, for example VPN software that installs extra network service over the connection. Another example is Microsoft Groove and IBM Connect. Try to install and connect PdaNet on a different computer and see if you get the same problem.

I got error on the PC: Failed to create dialup entry. On some XP system, PdaNet could be disallowed from creating a dialup entry for you automatically if there has not been any dialup entries on your XP system. Try to manually create any entry in your network connections and the problem should go away. Go to Control Panel - Network Connections - select Create a New Connection from the left, allow the dialog to continue until finished check Setup my connection manually when prompted and enter any number as the phone number when prompted. After this finishes you should have a junk dialup entry.

Now try to launch PdaNet connection again and it should connect. Error: Unable to find device PdaNet modem on you machine, PdaNet not installed properly. Reboot your PC and the problem should go away. I got dialup error 691 state 6. There could be different causes for this error. If you have recently swapped your phone or updated the firmware on the phone, make sure you have called your carrier to activate the data service on your phone. If PdaNet works for you before and you are getting the 691 error without any changes, then most likely it is because you are out of the data service area and have weak data signals.

I got dialup error 720 state 6. In most cases this error is caused by corrupted network configurations on your computer, especially if PdaNet works for you before or on a different computer. It could be because of installation of some network or security software that impacts dialup connections.

Try to search for dialup error 720 on the Internet and you might be able find some suggestions that could resolve the computer issue. On a GSM phone, I got dialup error 734 state 6. This problem is due to your cellphone service changing APN when you are not at your home area.

You need to manually specify the APN and user name/password to logon. To do this, click on the PdaNet tray icon on Windows and select Settings- Specify username/password, then If you are with Cingular, try to enter Username: WAP CINGULARGPRS.COM Password: CINGULAR1 APN: wap.cingular Or Username: ISPDA CINGULARGPRS.COM Password: CINGULAR1 APN: isp.cingular If you are with T-Mobile, try to enter Empty username and password APN: wap.voicestream.com Now save the settings and try to connect again. I got dialup error 31 state 5 on Vista. This error indicates the RAS system is corrupted by Vista updates.

To resolve the issue, you can either user System Restore back to a date when PdaNet still worked, or you can uninstall PdaNet and run this Microsoft Repair Tool, reboot and reinstall PdaNet. I got dialup error: Error 633, 678 or 797 on Win2K with state 0 If you have a software called Zone Alarm version 6.0 installed, make sure you are at build number 6.0.667 or higher for XP Exiting Zone Alarm will not make the problem go away. If you have Windows 2000 you need to completely uninstall Zone Alarm and install 5.x. You can check the build number by clicking on the ZA tray icon and select About.

The original build of Zone Alarm 6.0 is very buggy and will cause PdaNet to fail. This is fixed in build 667 on XP together with other Zone Alarm problems. See details at story1. If you don t have Zone Alarm installed, the most likely cause for this is that your system mistakenly picks up the native modem on your PC when dialing. You can resolve this by temporarily uninstalling the device driver of your native modem from Panel- System- Hardware tab- Device Manager, right click on the native modem and select uninstall or disable, then try to run PdaNet again to make sure it works. If it does, you can re-install the driver for the native modem and the problem should not repeat. This could also happen if your uninstallation failed to clean up the modem driver for some reason.

To fix this, go to Control Panel- System- Hardware tab- Device Manager button, expand the Modem tree and remove whatever items with PdaNet in it. Then re-install PdaNet. When I try to send email using a mail client such as Outlook Express I got SMTP server error, receiving email seems OK. PdaNet provides your PC with full Internet access, however your email account is provided by your email service. Some ISP such as EarthLink will only allow you to access the SMTP server for outgoing mail if you dial up using their service. Try to contact your ISP to see if there is an alternative SMTP server you can use which is not private, or you can access web mail through the browser if they provide one. If they don t, maybe it is time to consider a free email service such as Yahoo mail or Hotmail.

I got a message on my PC prompting me to pick up the handset and dial 777 and then press ok. I got audio message feature code you entered is not valid. The cause of the problem is that you have selected to have Operator-Assisted Dialing for some reason. To correct this, go to Network Dial-up and Connections, under menu Advanced, uncheck Operator-Assisted Dialing.

Then try to connect again like you did previously. When I try to connect I receive error message: Please attach your device to the PC before connecting. My device is already connected to the computer s USB port. First of all make sure the ActiveSync icon has turned green when you attach the device.

Then after that both the PdaNet tray icon on the computer AND the one on your device side should change state from grey out to active. If the PdaNet icon does not become active, the two sides are not talking to each other.

You can try to soft reset your device unplug and take out the battery then put it back and see if it makes any difference. Some third-party firewall programs such as Sygate or Norton Personal Firewall could also block PdaNet connections. You can try to turn it off. When I try to connect again after a successful connection is dropped, I receive error message: Modem Busy, please try to connect again. This is usually because the previous connection was not terminated cleanly for some reason data connection stability issue etc. When you get this problem, you can do a soft reset on your device unplug, take out the battery and put it back to clear it. To avoid this problem, try to alway disconnect using the Disconnect menu of the standard network tray icon the one with two blinking screens on your computer end.

I receive connection error code 17: Please make sure PdaNet is running on your phone. If you were able to use PdaNet previously on the same phone, then try to soft reset the phone and see if this error goes away.

Otherwise try to see if this helps: on the phone go to Settings- Connections- USB to PC and uncheck Advanced Functionarity on some phones this is called RNDIS, for Treo 700w phones run My Device Windows UsbSwitch.exe instead then soft reset the phone. I installed version 2.0 and VPN doesn t work. This bug will be fixed in our next update. For now please install this build instead. If this still doesn t work, try to tap PdaNet on the phone end and uncheck Proxy Mode. How much speed can I get with a PdaNet connection. PdaNet should provide the same speed that your service allows.

CDMA services advertise maximum speed of 150kbps for 1x network and 2.4Mbps for EVDO. However average speeds are much slower, sometimes 40kbps for 1x and 150kbps for EVDO. Does PdaNet support Mac/OS X. PdaNet does not support USB tethering on Mac directly.

However PdaNet does expose a standard Bluetooth DUN service which can be connected from Mac if it supports Bluetooth, although you still need to install and activate PdaNet through a Windows PC. You can see more details from Bluetooth setup. The other option is to use PdaNet through Parallel or Boot Camp on the Mac. I previously purchased PdaNet for Palm OS based Treo, does my license cover PdaNet for Windows Mobile. No it does not.

PdaNet for Windows Mobile is a different product vs. The Palm OS version and will be charged and maintained in parallel.

The serial number you purchased for Treo 650 or lower will not work on Windows Mobile or vice versa. However you will be able to get a 5 discount as a returning customer. Just enter your old serial number when purchasing. How do I register. Why haven t I received my registration code.

The trial download of PdaNet will expire in 7 days, otherwise is exactly the same as the full version. You need to purchase a registration code matching your email in order to unlock the full version there is no separate download after you purchase. You will receive an order confirmation email within 24 business hours. If you order it directly from our website, you should receive the email right away. If you do not receive your registration email in the above amount of time, please let us know, the spam filter of your email server might be blocking emails from our address.

To unlock PdaNet after you receive the registration code might also be called serial number or license code in the email, click on the PdaNet icon in the tray area on Windows click here if you don t know where the tray icon goes to bring up the popup menu and select Register, copy your email address or name if that was what came in your receipt for older version of the software and registration code from the order receipt email has to be exactly as is including spaces to unlock the full version of PdaNet. Once registration confirmed, the Register menu will no longer appear. Warning: Do not try to use a pirate registration code or codes purchased by others and do not give your code away to other people.

There is an activation count on the license and you might be locked out if other people use your license to activate their devices. What is your refund policy. Refunds are available for purchase of the Treo 700p version or the Windows Mobile version. Refunds can only be processed within 14 days after the purchase. The way we try to achieve customer satisfaction is by providing a cost-free, full-feature 7-day trial period so that potential customers can test it and make sure they are satisfied before making the purchase.

This is a typical way in shareware industry. If I only purchase one copy of PdaNet, can I install it on multiple machines. Although the license agreement mentions that one license only apply to one machine, we do allow you to install the Desktop part of PdaNet on multiple PCs, given that you only install the device part of the software on one Smartphone. That is, you can use one device to connect to as many computers as you want. I ActiveSync with my Desktop PC only but I want to use PdaNet on my laptop, what should I do.

Since PdaNet relies on ActiveSync to provide device connection. You do have to put ActiveSync on whichever PC you will be using PdaNet.

The Dial-Up Connection box pops us when I try to use broadband on my PC. This is due to the default Internet Options on your computer, which can be customized easily. Simply launch Control Panel and go to Internet Options- Connections tab, from there you can change the setting to Never dial a connection and the problem will go away. How do I connect PdaNet to my phone through Wifi. To connect PdaNet through a Wifi-capable phone, follow the instructions below: Make sure your phone is not attached to the computer. Setup Wifi connection between your computer and your phone. This can either be a peer-to-peer ad-hoc connection without a router or an access point connection through a router.

From your computer try to ping the IP address of your phone to make sure the Wifi connection is working. On the phone end, tap the PdaNet icon to bring up settings.

At the bottom of the settings window there is drop down list with No connection over Wifi and also the name of your computer. Select it to allow this computer to connect to your phone. If you do not see your computer name in the list, there might be problem with your Wifi connection. If the computer can see the phone, the PdaNet tray icon should change to an attached state after a few seconds. Now you can connect PdaNet from the computer side. Detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the free PdaNet app to tether your Android phone and use it as a modem for your computer. Connection Issues USB Mode PdaNet connection is established but I do not get Internet access on the computer end.

Please check your phone and make sure PdaNet. Big Download Portal. You can find and download evrething you want. • What is required to install PdaNet. Does it support Vista.

On Windows XP/2000, PdaNet requires ActiveSync to be installed on your computer first. • What is required to install PdaNet.

PdaNet works on all PalmOne/Handspring Treo phones, the PC part requires Windows Vista/XP/2000/ME/98SE. Also make sure you. No more missed important software updates. UpdateStar 10 lets you stay up to date and secure with the software on your computer.

You can do this using PdaNet. From KnowYourMobile.com: To use your Milestone as a mobile broadband dongle, you will need: Motorola Milestone USB Drivers. Initializing, please wait.

Select the file or files you wish to upload. Choose the options best suited for your upload password protect, description, email notification Make sure to read the TOS and confirm by checking the confirmation checkbox. Click Start Upload. You will receive a URL that you can email to your friends or keep for yourself.

Depending on your selected options, the URL may be sent automatically the provided email. TheCompleteWebs.net Software/APP s List These are all the Software s we have on The Complete Webs. Just click to goto its page. Big Download Portal. You can find and download evrething you want. Note: We respect your privacy and will not spam, sell, or share your email address.

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Download torrents. Many beginners and not only beginners among Internet users often hear phrases like: Yes, I ve seen it in the torrents, Download torrents. Email: christines patch.com // Phone: 631-276-1679 // Hometown: Levittown, NY // Current City: East Setauket, NY // Bio: A 2002 graduate of Hofstra University, Christine studied under two-time Pulitzer winning journalist Bob Greene and cut her teeth on the sports desk at Newsday. She joined Patch.com on a full-time basis in June of 2010. While she has been writing for newspapers and websites since the age of 12, Christine found her true inspiration for becoming a journalist in the book Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kozol, which detailed the disparities in various public education systems in New York and New Jersey.

// Beliefs: Registered Democrat who tends not to vote along party lines. Raised Catholic but has a multicultural family with several different religious affiliations represented.

Recent Contributions Health Fitness A Farewell and Thank-You from Your Three Village Editor Patch local editor says goodbye. Oct 2, 2013 0 Three Village, New York Community Corner DA: Alleged Stony Brook Rapist Also Conspired to Kill Victim, Witness Police Fire Patrick O Sullivan remains jailed since his arrest in December. Cops Investigate Report of Arson on Lincoln Boulevard Incident happened Sept. Hauppauge, New York Schools Educational Foundation Hopes to Fund New Marching Band Uniforms Current raffle fundraiser will benefit the marching band. Elementary Open House, Reading With Alfie Today in Three Village Your guide to what s happening in Three Village. Book Fair, Employment Open House Happening Today Your guide to what s happening in town.

Sports Soccer Star Nabs Collegiate Player of the Week Honors Will Casey helped Stony Brook to its third shutout win of the year. Oct 1, 2013 Obituaries Hundreds Mourn Equestrian Killed in Setauket Shooting Ross Reisner, 50, died from a gunshot wound last Tuesday.

North Fork, New York Community Meeting About Homeless Shelter Set for October Legislator will meet with the community on Oct. Business Bella Dolce Stays Open Under New Management New owners take over Oct. Read More Email: christines patch.com // Phone: 631-276-1679 // Hometown: Levittown, NY // Current City: East Setauket, NY // Bio: A 2002 graduate of Hofstra University, Christine studied under two-time Pulitzer winning journalist Bob Greene and cut her teeth on the sports desk at Newsday. She joined Patch.com on a full-time basis in June of 2010. While she has been writing for newspapers and websites since the age of 12, Christine found her true inspiration for becoming a journalist in the book Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kozol, which detailed the disparities in various public education systems in New York and New Jersey. // Beliefs: Registered Democrat who tends not to vote along party lines.

Raised Catholic but has a multicultural family with several different religious affiliations represented. Back-to-School Night, Jack-O-Lantern Contest Today in Hauppauge Your guide to what s happening in our community.

Kiwanis Meeting, Tech Assistance Today in Three Village Your guide to what s happening in the community. Cops Seek Pair in Cell Phone Theft Theft occurred on Sept. Regents Test Scores Show Positive Results in Three Village Schools School officials: Three Village is doing well in comparison to other districts. Sep 30, 2013 Centereach, Lake Grove Men Charged in Pot Bust Large amount of freshly harvested marijuana found in the back of a minivan that was stopped in Water Mill. Sachem, New York Politics Government Hauppauge Building Sale Nets 67 Million for County Deal is expected to be completed by mid-November. Stony Brook University to Host TEDx Conference Internationally-known conference series will feature fascinating thinkers and doers from among the Stony Brook community. Babylon Village, New York Lindenhurst, New York Half Hollow Hills, New York Huntington, New York West Islip, New York Newer ArticlesRead More Deer Park-North Babylon, New York Kings Park, New York Northport, New York Commack, New York Port Jefferson, New York Patchogue, New York Sayville-Bayport, New York Smithtown, New York Medford, New York Westhampton-Hampton Bays, New York Miller Place-Rocky Point, New York Riverhead, New York East Hampton, New York Holding a Yard Sale in Three Village.

Add it to Our Map Got a yard, garage or estate sale coming up in your neighborhood. Let your neighbors know by sharing the event info on Patch.

Holding a Yard Sale in Hauppauge. Add it to Our Map Took Great Photos This Weekend.

Share Them Upload great scenes from your weekend adventures to our photoblog. Southampton, New York Photos: Seawolves Fall to Towson at Home Towson, ranked No. 2 in the FCS, takes home 35-21 lead. Hotel Partners with Nonprofit to Fight Hunger UPSKY Hotel helps raise awareness. Towson, ranked No. 2 in the FCS, takes home 35-21 win.

PTA Council Meeting, E-Waste Collection This Week in Hauppauge Mark your calendars. Fire District Meeting, Energy Efficiency Seminar Coming This Week For Sale: Wing Chairs, Kid Zone, Tools and More For Sale Locally Check out what your neighbors are selling. Sep 29, 2013 For Sale: Victorian Chairs, Down Jacket and More See what your neighbors are selling online.

Sidewalks on Townline Road to be Completed by Mid-October Legislator says project was much, much needed. Ross Reisner To Be Remembered at Service on Sunday Reisner was the co-owner of Maple Lane Farm in Mattituck.

Sep 28, 2013 Reisner was fatally shot at his Setauket home on Tuesday. Shooting of Prominent Equestrian Tops Most-Read Stories This Week A look back at the week s headlines on Three Village Patch. Hauppauge Burglaries, Homeless Student Debate Top This Week s Headlines A look back at this week s top stories. Principal: Scavenger Hunt Not Organized by School Sep 27, 2013 State Seizes Gas Station Over Unpaid Taxes USA Gas on Veterans Memorial Highway has been closed down. Arts Entertainment What s Playing at the Movies This Week Here s what is playing in theaters around Hauppauge this weekend, plus showtimes.

Here s what is playing in theaters in Three Village this weekend, plus showtimes. Real Estate Open Houses in Three Village This Weekend Find open houses in the region on this page every week, from our partners at Zillow. Open Houses in Hauppauge This Weekend Pesticides, Algae Blooms Threaten Long Island Sound Leaders from Long Island, Westchester and Connecticut gathered to discuss the problems facing the Long Island Sound. Pharmaceutical Companies Eyeing Expansion in Hauppauge Contract Pharmaceutical Corp. And Rochem International Inc. Looking to expand, according to Newsday. Cops Seeking Longtime Friend in Shooting of Mattituck Farm Owner One report cites victim s brother as a source of information.

Sportscar Stolen from Setauket Garage Police ask the public s help in finding the thief. Cops Seeking Longtime Friend in Setauket Shooting New President Arrives at Three Village Chamber of Commerce Andy Polan, owner of Vision World, steps up to bat for the Chamber of Commerce. Sep 26, 2013 3 Hauppauge Students Earn National Merit Semifinalist Status Seniors achieved standout scores on the PSAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. New Homes for Sale in Three Village This Week Find homes for sale in the region on this page every week, from our partners at Zillow. Find This Weekend s Best Yard Sales in Three Village There s still time to add yours to the map. New Homes for Sale in Hauppauge This Week See what homes are for sale in Hauppauge. Find This Weekend s Best Yard Sales in Hauppauge Fuel Company to Build Multi-Million Dollar Hauppauge Headquarters OK Petroleum will relocate from West Babylon to Hauppauge.

Community Shows Support for Tuition-Based Three Village Preschool Hundreds of families reported interest in sending their kids to a Three Village Central School District preschool program. Parent Networking, Business Networking Coming Up Today Your guide to what s happening today in our area. Open School Night, Exercise Sessions on Thursday in Hauppauge Cops: Shooting Victim Targeted Second victim grazed when multiple shots fired into home in Setauket Tuesday night, Suffolk police say. Sep 25, 2013 Fatal Shooting Shocks Three Village Residents Residents uneasy after Tuesday night s fatal shooting on Upper Sheep Pasture Road. Car Break-In, Criminal Mischief Reported in Hauppauge The Suffolk County Police Department responded to the following incidents between Sept.

PTA Meetings, Volleyball Match, Applefest Today in Hauppauge School District Operating as Usual Following Shooting The location of last night s shooting is approximately a mile from Minnesauke Elementary. School Board Meeting, Mid-Autumn Festival Today in Three Village Your guide to what s happening today. Local Deals Classifieds Cello in great condition, with accessories Police Seek Man Wanted for Stealing Groceries Incident occurred on Sept.

Police Seek Man in Connection with Hauppauge Burglaries Incidents took place at the Hauppauge Industrial Park. Haunted House Preps Opening in Hauppauge The Chamber of Horrors will open its doors on Oct. Sep 24, 2013 Unattended Backpack Yields False Alarm at Smith Haven Mall A backpack was found unattended on Tuesday morning. Owner: Smoothe Skin Spa Returns to its Roots Debbie Stevens moves her medi-spa into new location. Sex Offender Registers Residence in Smithtown School superintendent sends out letter advising residents that a sex offender has registered an address in the area. Jim and Marilyn Simons Set to Receive Carnegie Medal Award recognizes the most generous philanthropists in the world. Nonprofit to Unveil Home Project for Veterans in Islandia Long Island Home Builders Care Inc.

Offers six veterans the chance to buy specially designated homes. Teens Babysitting Workshop, Homes for Veterans and More Coming Today Your guide to what s happening in and around your community. Emergency Preparedness, PTA Meetings Today in Three Village Police Investigate Burglary on Jeffrey Lane A look at recent crime in the Three Village area.

Sep 23, 2013 Ward Melville High School Boasts 17 National Merit Semifinalists Seniors performed well on the PSAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. Kennedy: Number of Homeless Students Likely to Remain the Same Suffolk County Legis. Addressed one concern that many Hauppauge parents have. Photos: Hundreds Turn Out for Harvest Festival The Minnesauke Elementary PTA held its annual Harvest Festival on Saturday. Former Stony Brook Professor Killed in Kenya Militant Attack Kofi Awoonor, 78, taught writing at Stony Brook in the 1970s.

Stony Brook Pizzeria Burglarized Crime Stoppers offering reward for information leading to an arrest. School Board Meeting, Emergency Readiness Seminar Coming This Week Take a look at what s happening this week in the Three Village community.

Coupon Workshop, Babysitting Workshop and More Coming This Week Here are some upcoming notable events in the Hauppauge area this week. Craigslist Finds: Rollerblades, Picnic Table, Pickle Jars and More Sep 22, 2013 Bank Robbery, Steakhouse Demolition Top This Week s Headlines A look back at the biggest stories of the week in Three Village. Sep 21, 2013 Homeless Student Debate, Public Library Space Top Hauppauge Headlines A look back at some of this week s top stories in Hauppauge. Ward Melville JV Cheerleaders Give Back on 9/11 The team spent a day bringing good cheer to the veterans at Setauket s VFW Hall.

Hauppauge Student Addresses U.N. General Assembly on Day of Peace Jocelyn Aptowitz delivers a message about harnessing passion and courage to empower people to make positive changes in the world.

Three Village Schools Get Security Upgrades Cameras, vestibules in building entrances, improved radio communications are just some of the ways the district is upping the ante on security. Sep 20, 2013 New Eastbound Lane Closure Starts Monday on Route 347 State DOT spokesperson says traffic will be continually monitored in the area. Beach Cleanup Set for Saturday at West Meadow Beach Beach will get a good once-over as part of the International Coastal Cleanup. Here s what is playing in theaters around the Three Village area this weekend, plus showtimes. Hauppauge Scoreboard: Girls Cross Country, Volleyball Teams Earn Wins Here s how our local high school varsity teams performed this week. Three Village Scoreboard: WMHS Girls Shine in Soccer, Volleyball, Gymnastics School District Axes Homecoming Fireworks, Plans Laser Light Show Homecoming committee cites safety and practicality as the reasons for the switch. With Paving Projects Under Way, Tell Us if Brookhaven Is Off the Hook Get on The Soapbox and let us know.

Sep 19, 2013 Tell Us if Snair Has a Chance Against Vecchio Halloween Shop Opens In Nearby Lake Grove Halloween Retailer Opens In Nearby Lake Grove Three Village Wildcats in the Running for Football Grant Club teams need your votes to win. Long Island Museum Welcomes New Director Neil Watson comes to Stony Brook from the Katonah Museum of Art in Westchester. Open School Night, Library Board Meeting Today in Hauppauge Your daily guide to what s happening in our community. Eating Healthy, Senior Class Picture Retakes Today in Three Village Parents Blast Hauppauge School Supe Over Placement of Homeless Students Superintendent responds to parents concerns that the placement will crowd Forest Brook, create disruptions in classes. Sep 18, 2013 Car Crashes Into Medical Park Building In Stony Brook Jim Simons Net Worth Rises, Ranks No. 34 on Forbes Wealthiest Americans List East Setauket billionaire remains the richest person on Long Island.

2 Hauppauge Students Selected for National Choir Ensemble Justin Albinder and Michael Lamendola will perform at the Gaylord Opryland Hotel in Nashville. Lawn Mower, Patio Set Dumped into Pool in Stony Brook A rundown of criminal activity in the Three Village area.

Dec 21, 2015 State Restores LIPA Solar Rebates Program New York gives the Long Island Power Authority 5 million to help cover costs. Spa Grand Opening, Blood Drive Happening on Wednesday Your guide to what s happening in Hauppauge. Give Your Community a Boost on Wednesday in Three Village Your guide to what s happening in your community. Cops: Stony Brook s Capital One Bank Robbed Sep 17, 2013 UPDATE: Cops Probe Pattern in Stony Brook Capital One Robbery Robbery was reported shortly before 1 p.m. Library Budget Vote Set for Wednesday Proposed budget calls for a 1.98 percent tax levy increase.

5 Great Finds: Whimsical, Practical And Fun At Hauppauge Gift Lotto Demolition Begins At Former Steakhouse In Stony Brook Young Patient from Ecuador Returns Home After 10 Surgeries at Stony Brook Ten-year-old Kevin Rosero underwent 10 life-saving surgeries at Stony Brook. Jewelry Theft, Criminal Mischief Reported in Hauppauge A look at the recent criminal activity in Hauppauge. Research Paper May Soon Be Required For HS Graduation Board of Regents expected to approve plan to require a 1,250 word research paper.

Happy Birthday to Who. Open blog a great place to send best wishes to the person celebrating in town. Back-to-School Blues. Share Your Experience With Fellow Hauppauge Parents Family Room blog is open for local parents to discuss the issues, or share their own tips for building strong families in town. Back-to-School Blues. Share Your Experience With Fellow Three Village Parents Miguel Maysonet, Former SBU Football Star, Lands on Colts Practice Squad The undrafted free agent arrives at Indianapolis after spending time with the Eagles and Browns.

Miguel Maysonet, Former.

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Marlins are hard to come by these days but a decent knife is almost impossible now. I was looking for a quality knife then I saw your website. I want to say that in a world where I thought that nobody cared about quality or craft anymore, you've proved me wrong. Thanks for doing so. Yours Sincerely, M.

Homo sapiens has been around for about 100,000 years. Surprisingly, he was not the first knife maker.

Evidence shows that the recently identified hominid species, Australopithecus garhi, was a tool and knife maker, deliberately selecting and modifying specific raw materials in a sophisticated and consistent way, and with careful intent. He was making double-edged knives about 2.5 million years ago. This technology gave its inventors an astonishing advantage - the ability to shift to an energy-rich, high-fat diet which led to all kinds of evolutionary consequences. In our modern definition, to cut means to penetrate with an edged instrument, divide or separate with an edged tool, shear, incise, or sever. So what is the common factor here? It's the cutting edge.

A knife is used to cut, rather than abrade. Sandpaper and grinding wheels abrade, though in a way, they cut; they use tiny cutting edges (when new and sharp) to rip away small particles of surface material. An axe blade uses a bit of cutting force and a lot of wedging to split away the grain of wood. A lathe tool or drill bit uses a heavy, thick cutting edge to displace and separate metal from metal (at high speed) as a cold chisel would. Probably the largest difference between the knife and all other cutting edges is the ability of a knife to have a very thin cutting edge, with the potential to apply a tremendous amount of force behind the edge with only the power of the human hand.

Though many modern tools used in industry are called knives, this text only refers to those held in the human hand. The shape of a knife blade, to a large extent determines the absolute use of the knife. Humans have made knives for millions of years.

These are our most evolved and revered of tools. We've had millennia to define, refine, and perfect the knife blade, and yet there are thousands of designs. () Because, as simple as it would seem, a tiny variation in length, curvature, profile, thickness, and grind changes the knife completely. It's funny how just.030' of difference will make the knife blade look entirely distinctive. People notice this. I believe that man has made the knife for so long that it's possible that the pattern is somehow recognized on a genetic level. People relate to knives that way.

Handles notwithstanding, I've seen clients stare and compare and tune and modify the pattern in the slightest way to reach that perfect shape that they think is just right. Where does that come from? Have they really used knives that much to be able to distinguish miniscule differences in what is right for them? There is something deeper here, something at the very core of the human psyche. That's another discussion for my book.

In a basic way, knife and blade use can be classified by shape. A long sweeping, curving blade is usually called,. A heavy, large aggressive-looking straight blade is usually called. I try to stay away from the term 'fighting knife,' as this is a negative and unrealistic designation for a modern knives. Many knives are classified depending on the physical attributes of their profile, such as,,, and.

Here are some classifications of knives based on description of both use and blade shape. Other blade shapes not shown by example are curved, razor, wharncliffe, square, kris, dirk, jambiya, stiletto, spey, smatchet, hawksbill, katar, and chakmak. There are a tremendous amount of variations in knife blades, and some of the blade styles incorporate the geometry of several different defined shapes. As the knife blade evolves, some new styles will undoubtedly be named, and the clear definitions of blade styles and shapes may be blurred or even discarded.

For example, it would be ridiculous to describe a knife as a modified spear point with trailing point and tanto attributes with a recurve body and hollow ground swage. But I've done that! Ultimately, a photograph or illustration is necessary.

To learn much more about knife terms, anatomy, and knife related parts, please take a look at the best on the internet right here on this web site! Knife blade shapes can also be classified by their use.

This is a more casual affair, as most blade shapes can be used for a variety of cutting, slicing, or (in the case of combat knives) stabbing or ripping requirements. Some of the direct use classifications are: butchering, hunting, kitchen, chef's, culinary, caping, skinning, utility, combat, defense, CQC (Close Quarters Combat),assault, CQB (Close Quarters Battle), sport, camp, survival, CSAR (Combat Search and Rescue), counterterrorism, fantasy, sculptural, art, woodcraft, fillet, personal, bird, trout, ceremonial, carving, collector's, investment, museum, fine art, and simply working knives. There are many more: specialized descriptions, specialized uses, individual, dedicated knives, and knives that may cover several or many of the classifications listed.

If all knives were the same, we'd only have one design, and you would see it everywhere. Instead, you'll see thousands of knife designs in the modern world. Imagine all the varied designs created throughout history, and you'll soon realize the tremendous variety of knives.

There simply is no other tool or device that has so many variations and knives are astounding forms. The person asking this might be wondering about comparisons between a handmade custom knife and a factory knife.

Though this topic comes up infrequently, it is important to educate those who may try to form a realistic comparison of these two very different origins and fabrications of the same tool, art, or piece. This discussion is prevalent enough to deserve its own dedicated page on my site:. Comparing factory knives to handmade custom knives is like comparing a hand-rolled Cuban cigar to a pack of cheap smokes. A factory or manufactured knife can not compare to a handmade custom knife. Just because they share the same form, a blade and handle and sheath, it does not mean that they are in the same realm. Find out the difference between a knife that sells for a hundred bucks, and one that starts at 20 times that much on dedicated to the topic.

In the specific and detailed subject of blades, the most important thing to remember is that factories need something to sell, something made cheaply but sold for as much as their market will bear. So for the blades, they often offer special steels that they claim are superior to the recognized AISI steels. They also are very careful not to reveal the steel alloy components or actual properties like tensile strengths, heat treating process, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other factors and instead, claim things like, 'testing has determined that our steel has superior performance, wear, and corrosion resistance than 440C, ATS-34, etc.' Don't be fooled by this hype. Any of these so-called tests are entirely subjective, and can be easily directed toward the intended result, which (shock) is always in favor of their special steel. Without revealing the exact components of the steel, there is no scientific way to test it.

This is because testing, real scientific metallurgy must have as its basis the knowledge of the steel alloy components and method of manufacture as well as all the properties, mechanical and exposure, that the steel has or will be exposed to. A skyscraper is under construction. The head engineer of the ironworks company has read on the Mystical Bolt Company website that bolts are available, to assemble the structural steel columns, that they are a special and secret alloy and they perform better than known, recognized, and accepted industry standards. No technical specifications exist on the bolt maker's site: no alloy content, no process of manufacture, no tensile strength, impact strength, yield, elongation, area reduction at specific hardnesses and tempers depending on specific and varied heat treating and manufacturing processes is offered. On the bolt maker's site are just vague generalities about performance.

Not one engineer on earth would sign off on the purchase of this fastener for the integrity of its properties and application on the project without knowing even what the material is. Yet in the world of knife manufacture and sales, it's almost expected that the knife factory or boutique shop (small knife manufacturer) will supply some special, proprietary, or unique and mysterious steel that outperforms all other known types.

It seems each factory follows the same advertising formula, claiming a special designation, comparing in generalities the qualities to known types, claiming superiority and thus value, sometimes adding performance anecdotes like chopping pine two-by-fours, shoving the blade in a car door, or bending, leaving submersed in water, or other ways of brutalizing a piece of overly thick steel. Then, to top it off, organizations and interests claim that certain knives must be certified (by them) for the honor of being tested in this anecdotal, subjective, and extremely unscientific way. Usually, this requires the donation of a knife or knives for this honor! This is all advertising hyperbole, so that you will think that the inexpensive factory knife is somehow superior to other inexpensive factory knives. All the while, the knife lacks balance, has an unfinished blade, is poorly fitted, has cheap or non-durable handle materials, poorly made or non-existent fittings, no contouring or radiused forms, horrible fit, weak mechanical construction, lack of bedding, poor design, simply awful sheaths or accessories (or none at all), and no service, except for one or two companies who will sharpen your knife for a fistful of dollar bills. These knives will never be worth more than they are when they are purchased, never have any long-term value, are not custom, are not well made, and most individual knife makers create a product that is many times and many ways superior to factory or manufactured knives. But since the factory's business is built on volume, not quality, this doesn't matter.

Thankfully, the internet is changing all that. This very medium has been the source of real, valid information in not only the field of knives, but it all fields of interest and knowledge known to mankind. No matter where you live, you are very lucky that you are in a country that allows the technology and access that allows you to read this very sentence, and that you are living in an exciting time of the growth of knowledge and ultimately truth that the Internet can bring.

You've just got to wade through the hype to get to it! In my book, I'll go through just how significant and powerful this opportunity called the internet is, and how it's changing the way people do business, access products, learn, grow, and excel, deepen, and enrich their lives and the lives of their families with this tool of knowledge. I'll also detail how the vague, indiscriminate advertising hype that was started in print media that was limited to 'pay by the letter' generalities has to face the reality of fact-based transparency. The practices of using power words and catch phrases is falling to the detailed and specific facts of product properties. But the factories don't get it yet, and maybe, because their products are cheap and made en masse, they never will. Have you heard of this new thing called the internet? It's giving people new expectations.

It's allowing them to become their own expert. Knowledge lies anxious at their fingertips. Gloss over the truth in your advertising and you'll quickly be dismissed as a poser. Williams My point about steel types, blades, and hand knives is simple. There are known and listed steel types with known and listed mechanical and exposure properties. They are known and listed by real entities like the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), the Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE), and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). They are listed because they are established materials in industry, the military, and even the medical equipment fields.

If there were a really special steel, something so great that it lived up to the advertising hype posted on these factory knife sites, wouldn't you see all other steels tossed aside and become obsolete while the new steel took over the military industrial commerce? Of course you would. Established and well known steel types exist for a reason, and each reason varies in our world. There is no steel that dominates in all realms.

A super hard steel may be brittle, a wear resistant steel may easily corrode. A lightweight material may be soft, a high wear resistance material may not be able to be finished or sharpened by hand. Every material has its pros and cons and I list those on this very page. You won't find factories listing any cons on any of their products, yet they do not supply a knife that is good enough to choke out the competition. Please think about that. There are many good knife steels out there.

When factories and manufacturers go on and on about specialized steels only they offer, with vague properties and descriptions, they want you to ignore. Don't get distracted by steel generalizations! The steel is just the start of the knife, not the whole. If it were, every knife maker in the world would be out of business, not buried in orders and very expensive projects.

Please help to stop wives' tales, knife myths, and misconceptions in our trade through education. Dear Jay I can truly say I have never seen such beautiful work before. I came on your page looking for knife cases and yes, I realize you don't make them. But I wanted to take a moment to say that you have an incredible sense of artistry. As a custom furniture builder, I have a bit of an appreciation for what you deal with - but you are way beyond anything I ever accomplished. I now am a manufacturer of mass produced outrigger pads and don't miss the hard times of building furniture.

Anyway, great job, excellent work. Of course not. They run the full range of quality from low to high.

Some flat grind, some hollow grind, some stock remove, some forge, some assemble kits. It's best to educate yourself about, but here are some points to look for: • Is your knife maker well known and established? Unlike factories who use a name from another time when they actually made a superb product, the knife maker must establish his name over decades of production. I'm not saying that a new maker does not make a fine knife; sometimes he does, it's just that longevity in this business is created one knife at a time, over decades.

A beginning knife maker or craftsperson can work for a month and produce a pretty fine knife right out of the blue (or from a kit), but that is altogether different that a full-time custom knife maker who produces hundreds of knives, every one of them superior to most other handmade knives, year after year, for decades, and has the testimonials from professional knife users like the active duty military, police, professional chefs, professional hunting guides, and collectors to back it up. This is generally someone who knows knives, or he wouldn't be in business. His name is etched, stamped, or carved permanently into the steel, and every knife with his name on it carries his reputation. • Does the maker serve professionals who use fine knives daily?

Does he make for professionals who trust their lives to his workmanship and product (like military in combat, police and SWAT teams, CSAR rescue teams, or counterterrorism teams)? Has he done that for years? Can he prove that to you, show you his work, illustrate by commentary and testimonials?

Does he have an actual photographic archive of hundreds or thousands of his knives for proof? Are his knives sought out by collectors for their own originality? Do his knives increase in value over the years? Is he charging more every year for his work? If he does, and he has little inventory, it's a good bet that his knives appreciate dramatically. • Look at the individual knife closely.

Is it properly finished? Does the blade have grind marks, sanding marks or waves? () Are there any visible gaps, scratches, bumps, waves, or rough spots in the handle? () What does the overall appearance of the knife suggest? Is the blade size in balance with the handle?

Are there thin areas where the whole knife might be weak? Did the maker fully taper the tang? Is the filework or edgework accurate, balanced, and square? Does the sheath match, and is it well made? () If you can, pick up the knife. Does it feel good in the hand?

Is it full, smooth, and solid? Is it balanced, easy to manipulate, and comfortable? Does it fit well and snug in the sheath? A maker should have no problem with you handling his knives, in fact, he should encourage it! I've conveniently put handles on each and every one just for that purpose. If the knife can't be handled, a lot can be learned from the photo and. • Here's an important technique: Hold the knife with the edge up, the point aimed right at the space between your eyes.

Now cast one eye down one side of the blade, and the other eye down the other side of the blade. This may take some practice, but it's worth it.

You'll get a clear picture of the grind lines, where the hollow grind (or flat) grinds meet the blade flats. These lines should match as closely as possible.

By the way, looking at knife this way scares a lot of knifemakers, because they know you'll be able to see any irregularity, and it also shows that you know custom knives! • Is it sharp? Most people can lightly touch the thumb or finger to the cutting edge and tell.

There should always be a wide-eyed amazement when this happens! • What about the sheath, stand, case or display? Knives do not stand alone! In the thousands of knives I've made over three decades, not one was ever delivered alone, that is, without a sheath, case, stand, block, or display component. Looking at this critical part of the knife will tell you loads about the skill, attention, and quality of the knife overall. There are several ways to verify the knifemaker's reputation.

Who does he make for? He should have that right out front, for all to see. He should have no problem telling you who he makes for, what they use the knives for, what his current knives are valued. Does he have a past history of shows, membership in professional knife organizations, or publications of his work?

Does he have a professional website or archive of his past works? Where are his knives now? Are any in museums, collections, or displays?

Can he give you any names of people who have used his knives and like them? Can you see pictures of his knives? These sound like simple, obvious questions, but you would be surprised at how many clients are distracted, played, and conned by knifemakers. Here's an example: I attended a show once and my table was next to a female knifemaker, who immediately claimed to a prospective client that her family had thirty years of knife making experience. She was in her early twenties and laid claim to her family's experience as her own! Those years of experience were not apparent on the knives laying on her table, as they were big and blocky and badly finished and out of balance and ugly. Then, she gave the prospect some BS about the mystery of heat treating, how it was a special family secret handed down through generations.

I bit my lip, knowing that heat treating is specifically described and prescribed by the manufacturer of the steel, that it is right up front in all engineering specifications for all knife steels, that it should be clear and simple to the client that the maker is treating the steel just as specifically as the manufacturer requests for the intended use. But the worst part is that she giggled and feigned interest in the client, smiling and flirting like a prostitute, which kept him looking at her more than the knife. The truth here is that some men are easily swayed by the attention of a young lady. He'll walk away with an overpriced hunk of junk, and the memory of a brief encounter with a con. Is it worth it?

I wonder how the line of BS would have gone down if his wife was standing beside him- The moral here is look, look, look. At the knife (and the sheath). The knife itself should be your focus of attention. Yes, you want to know the reputation of the maker, you want to know he's had years of experience and trustworthy clients. Still, take some time and examine the knives or the photographs very closely in front of you, they should speak for themselves.

Listen to what the knifemaker says; does it make sense? Can the knifemaker answer your questions with intelligence and dignity? That brings me to another professional aspect of the knifemaker: his appearance and attitude. Do you like buying from a loud-mouthed polyester prince used car salesman? Are you comfortable with a cowboy all duded up with his best brushed felt range hat and high boots more suited to stomping through cow dung than presenting fine work?

How about that guy wearing a tee-shirt with rude graphics and holes in it and a goofy, grimy baseball cap? Are these professionals that you would hand your hard earned trust over to? The reason I include this topic is because every knife or craft show has this type of knife maker. So, does the knifemaker look, act, write, and present himself as a professional including here on the internet? Now, don't get me wrong; if someone comes to my studio and shop, and they catch me with my full-face respirator and metal swarf-covered coveralls and work boots covered in wood and rock dust, I'm still a professional. But I wouldn't be caught dead at a knife show in that get-up. It's just not professional.

Simply, there is no miracle about making knives. Making knives is the oldest profession around. Yes, before even that one. Men have made knives for literally millions of years, for without a blade, early man would have starved.

It is an honorable profession, if presented honorably. There is no great mystery, just practiced skill and determination.

There are no mystical secrets to steel ingredients, to heat treating, to knife or blade shape, geometry, or materials. There is no enigma in the blade, no mystical materials; we don't quench in the blood of our enemies, there is no romance to the cutting edge, only artistic interpretation. No sword or crystal has magical powers, steel can't cleave stone, and a suitable dagger will not allow you to fly. Fine knives come from trained and practiced hands, not from a hidden tomb in a mountain. They are tools and sometimes works of art made by people like me who love to make them. I take this business seriously; it is my full time professional job.

I respect my clients and share their interest and love for knives. Yes, Virginia, there are specifically classified tool steels, and they are specifically used to make tools for the working and forming of woods, plastics, and other metals. This is the definition of tool steel (from the Machinist's Guide). They have to withstand high loads, abrasive contact, elevated temperatures, shock, stress, and adverse conditions without suffering major damage, edge dulling, or metallurgical changes. Not all tools are made of tool steels! Tools used to cut wood, make hand saws for woods, ordinary hand tools, hammers, chisels, and files are often made from standard steels in the AISI/SAE/ASTM categories. The tool steel category is a separate group, and must absolutely be heat treated, hardened, and tempered.

There are a large number of tool steels, with specific and controlled alloy compositions. Industry has created a specific classification systems for these tool steels in seven categories. They are: • Water Hardening Tool Steels • Mold Steels • Shock Resisting Tool Steels • Cold Work Tool Steels • Hot Work Tool Steels • High Speed Tool Steels • Special Purpose Tool Steels These categories are only the beginning of specific identification of tool steels and uses. Each category has sub-categories, and many steels cross over to a variety of uses. For instance, O-1 and D2, two of my favorite tool steels, are in the category of Cold Work Tool Steels.

They are hardened by quenching in either oil or air, so the hardening method is not always the designator of the tool steel category. You might hear someone group metals as 'oil-hardening' or 'air hardening.' These are NOT individual recognized categories, the specific seven categories are listed above. Hey, I didn't make this system up, it's the industry standard! Stainless steels have a different classification system.

It's unusual, because in AISI/SAE/ASTM, in order to classify as a stainless steel, they must contain at least 11.5% chromium. But the practice by some companies in the steel industry has been to claim steels with as little as 4% chromium as stainless steels!

For aqueous corrosion resistance, 12% is required. Some steels, like D2, for instance, contain 12% chromium, but are actually in the category of Cold Work Tool Steels, not specifically limited to the stainless steel category, even though D2 is a stainless steel.

Stainless steels are one of three types: • Austeniticgrades • Ferritic grades • Martensitic grades In industrial standards (which we as machinists refer to) the term stainless steel refers to high-alloy steels which have superior corrosion resistance to conventional and carbon steels because they contain relatively large amounts of chromium (more than11.5%). In a broad sense, standard stainless steels fall into one of the three categories: (austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic). Austenitic grades of stainless steels are non-magnetic in the annealed condition, but may become slightly magnetic after cold working. They can only be hardened by cold working, and do not harden in heat treat. A good example of austenitic stainless steel is 304 or 18-8, used for many stainless fasteners. I prefer 304 SS for many of my bolsters and fittings, as it is highly corrosion resistant, extremely tough, and requires no care.

Please remember that the material I use in my bolsters is the same material as most stainless steel bolts, screws, and fasteners, built for strength, durability, and longevity. Ferritic grades are always magnetic and contain chromium, but no nickel.

They can be somewhat hardened by cold working, but not by heat treatment. They have moderate mechanical properties, high decorative appeal, and a narrower range of corrosion resistance. Some of the ferritic grades contain alloys that help prevent hardening. A good example is 405 stainless, which is often used because it can be easily welded and used in the as-welded condition, and is soft and ductile. Martensitic grades of stainless steel are magnetic and can be hardened by heat treating, quenching, and tempering, forming martensite. They contain chromium and with several exceptions, no nickel.

Many of the martensitic grades contain increased carbon content (above 0.8%, which makes them hypereutectoid) in the tool steel range, and are hardenable to the highest levels of all the stainless steels. Though they are not resistive to extremely corrosive atmospheres like concentrated chemicals, acids, and caustics, they have excellent service in most atmospheres and exposures. 440C, for instance, is used to make corrosion resistant ball bearings, high-wear valve parts, molds and dies, and of course, fine knife blades. You'll see me referring to these grades in my description of knife steels and fittings I use in my own work. Now if this is not confusing enough, (which are separate from the classification or the category).

This is the standard, held by AISI (the American Iron and Steel Institute) and SAE (the Society of Automotive Engineers), and is the coordinated industry standard of steel designation: • Carbon Steels • Manganese Steels • Nickel Steels • Nickel-Chromium Steels • Molybdenum Steels • Chromium-Molybdenum Steels • Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steels • Nickel-Molybdenum Steels • Chromium Steels • Chromium-Vanadium Steels • Tungsten-Chromium Steels • Silicon-Manganese Steels • High Strength-Low Alloy Steels • Chromium-Manganese-Nickel Steels • Chromium-Nickel Steels Okay, I hope that clears it up! Want to know more? Pick up a copy of the hundred dollar book, the Machinery's Handbook© and the Study Guide at a bookstore or on line. There's more info in there on steel and other materials than you'll probably ever need! Mankind is now producing the finest tool steels ever created in history; why would you want anything less? Many of us older guys grew up with our fathers boasting about their carbon steel hunting and butcher knives and how they were so much better than the stainless steel blades. Unfortunately, this is one of the most prevalent and enduring misconceptions and wives' tales that persists in the modern world of knives.

There are two phases to this problem. First, in the early part of the 20th century, when stainless steels were at their infancy, the addition of chromium prevented full martensitic transformation, leaving lots of unstable retained austenite, which showed up a high wear and instability.

It was only later that it was discovered that a sub-zero quenching of knife blade steels would give a fuller, more complete transformation into martensite, but the bad reputation of stainless steels had already been established. Even though the problem was gone, the myth of bad stainless steel persisted. Second, low carbon Japanese stainless steel (420 stainless) was introduced into the world of cheap kitchen knives in the 1960s and 1970s. If you were alive then, you remember the ridiculous commercials showing the imported junk knives pounded through cinder blocks and then shaving off tomato slices. The common man ate up this drivel, and lots of money was made in the low-end kitchen knife market based on this hype.

The truth is, this type of knife was made of cheap, springy, and thin low-carbon series stainless steels, which were tough, but not hard or wear-resistant. So when the edges did wear down, it was not reasonable to sharpen them, and they were left dull, but were still thin enough to be forced through foodstuffs and other cutting chores. The eternally dull knives ceased to perform, were not easily sharpened like the carbon steel knives, and the failure to understand sharpening of this different steel meant that the stainless knives were left dull. It followed then that people assumed that they couldn't be sharpened, so the steel was blamed. Most people then made a casual assumption that the stainless steel blades were of low value (the price was a good hint), and saved their most important cutting chores to high carbon, non-stainless steel butcher and hunting knives, because they were relatively easy to sharpen and they held a very keen edge a longer time than the imports.

The stainless steel is no good myth continued, and continues today, despite the fact that the majority of knives from cheap imports to fine collectors knives are made of stainless steel. Some people still long for the good old carbon steel knives from the past.

One of the world's most respected knife historians and experts writes. 'I have owned about 10,000 antique kitchen and butcher knives, and examined perhaps 20 times that number. I have found that good quality modern stainless steel knives, when properly sharpened, are superior in use to all older knives, even the very best.

Stainless steel knives can be made at least as sharp as carbon steel ones, they stay sharp many times longer, and of course, they do not stain. The president of a major knife company put it very well when he said to me that preferring carbon steel knives over stainless steel ones is like preferring vacuum tube radios over transistor ones.'

--Bernard Levine, Levine's Guide to Knives, 1985 Please look at the date of the above excerpt. Since the mid-eighties, there have been many new and improved stainless tool steels become available, so the old wife's tale is even more flawed. One of the problems does continue, however, and that is the infomercial that still claims cheap Asian imported knives are worth your hard-earned money. This myth of carbon steels extends into the handmade knife field, and bears examination. Carbon Steels: Carbon steels, properly identified as Plain Carbon Steels by the AISI, SAE, ASME, NSI and ANSI are typically are identified by number.

If the four digit number starts with 10, it is a plain carbon steel. Typically, in the knife trade and industry, 1025, 1075, 1080, and 1095 are often used. 1095 is about the best one can get for a plain carbon steel, as it has up to 1% carbon. It has manganese in it to increase forgeability, reduce brittleness, and improve hardenability, though the manganese does not itself improve hardness.

No other notable alloy elements are included. These steels are usually chosen because they are inexpensive, usually about one fourth of the cost of stainless tool steels, and one tenth the cost of crucible particle metallurgy tool steels. These carbon steels are easy to work, are ductile and soft when annealed, and are gentle on tools and abrasives. Simply put, it is easy, cheap, and fast to make a knife from any of these steels.

They have absolutely no corrosion resistance, and will quickly and easily rust and pit when left in the open air. They are easy to sharpen because they are not wear-resistant, and they frequently dull. In my experience, they are a bad steel for any knife.

The only exception in my studio is when 1095 is married with nickel for nickel damascus in decorative blades. More about that.

Another commonly seen type of knife steel used by makers and the knife industry is 5160. Though technically classified as a chromium steel, 5160 has very little chromium (.08% - 1.0%) and is not corrosion resistant in any way. The chromium is added to slightly improve the hardenability, but not enough is added to increase corrosion resistance or aid in the creation of an abundant amount of chromium carbides which can increase wear resistance. The chromium is limited because if added in significant quantities, the forging and critical temperatures of the steel would be raised enough to prevent hand-forging. Though this steel has better performance characteristics than the 10XX series, it is still not suitable for many knives, simply because it easily and readily rusts in the open air, and does not have high wear resistance.

It is chosen mainly because it is a cheap steel, one fourth the cost of stainless high alloy tool steels, one tenth the cost of crucible particle metallurgy tool steels, and is easier to machine, cheaper to finish, and more forgiving to make a knife with. Simply put, plain carbon steels are cheap steels, and have no place at the top of the line for extremely fine knives. What are the advantages of the better high alloy tool steels? There are many, and they are different. These modern, engineered, fine isotropic tool steels are created for the distinct application of creating tools and wear-resistant parts and cutting edges.

They are the finest tool steels humanity has ever produced. In the application of blades for fine knives, there are some distinctive advantages, mainly high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, high toughness, high tensile strength, and high finish value. • The first advantage is corrosion resistance. There is no such thing as a tool steel that has infinite corrosion resistance, that is, a tool steel that will not corrode under any exposure. There are, however, great differences in modern tool steels that remarkably inhibit corrosion. Steels like 440C and CPMS30V are highly corrosion resistant, only showing slight discoloration in long and continuous exposure to acids like orange juice and vinegar and heavy salts after immersion for many hours. Since CPMS30V can not be mirror polished, the crown of corrosion resistance belongs to 440C.

For the chef, working knife user, and tactician, this translates to low to no care, no corrosion, no dissolved metal, no smell or flavor imparted to the food, and an extremely durable knife that can be used for decades if not generations without pitting, rusting, staining, or dulling due to corrosion of the cutting edge as well as the blade and tang surface. • Wear resistance. The high chromium in these steels also aids in the formation of chromium carbides, extremely hard particles that resist wear. Some of these steels have high carbon and chromium (D2) which also creates extremely high wear resistance via chromium carbides, and some steels (CPMS30V, CPMS90V) have high vanadium, which aids in the formation of even more wear resistant particles (vanadium carbides). So wear-resistant are these tool steels that a typical chef's honing steel can be abraded by the knife, actually dulling the small grooves on the chef's steel! For the knife user, this translates to a very long time between sharpenings, high longevity of the tool (generations), and an extremely sharp knife that is always ready to cut.

• High toughness means resistance to breakage at a higher hardness. So when these fine steels are properly hardened and tempered, they can be both hard and tough, which makes for an extremely durable blade. This toughness translates to the very cutting edge, which can be ground extremely thin and still remain tough (resistant to breakage). This, coupled with an overall thin grind geometry makes a very thin and sharp cutting edge that is much more durable and longer-lasting than if made of a lower alloy steel. Since the blade can be created thinly, it is easily sharpened, and with the proper grind geometry, can be re-sharpened for decades more than a typical knife blade made of carbon steel or low carbon stainless steel.

More about toughness on this page •. Specifically, this is the maximum load that a steel can bear without stretching permanently. This is typically the strength factor of steel that is critical to making a steel choice. How different are the stainless tool steels than standard carbon steels?

Incredibly different. The tensile strength of 1025 standard carbon steel is 440 MPa (megapascals) or 63,816 pounds per square inch. This seems enormous, but remember that many hundreds or perhaps thousands of PSI of pressure are applied to the microscopic cutting edge. The strength of 440C high chromium martensitic tool steel?

How about 2030 MPa (294,426 PSI), over four and a half times stronger! • High finish value. This is a term that is specific to fine artistic handmade tools.

In no other tool tradecraft does this concept exist. For example, in jewelry, high finish has a value, but jewelry is not a tool, and is not expected to perform tough and continuous daily tasks. With highly durable tool steels, the capability to finish the steel to the highest degree possible and the capability for the steel to maintain that high finish for the longest possible time is of vital importance. All of the finishes possible on these fine, isotropic, high alloy tool steels are far and above superior what is possible on standard carbon or low alloy steels. This adds immensely to the initial and ultimately to the long term value of the knife, its ability to last long and resist corrosion, its ability to hold and maintain a fine cutting edge, and its ability to retain investment value. You might then ask the question of why these higher value, extremely fine steels are less often seen on knives. It's really very simple.

They are expensive, they are very difficult to machine, cut, and make a knife with, they are unforgiving of error or mistake by the maker, they are hard to work, resistant to abrasives, and a supreme challenge to properly finish. They require special treatment in vacuum-nitrogen furnaces or controlled atmosphere environments when heat treating, they require extremely high critical temperature transformation points, and extremely low temperature quenching points, they are demanding and specific in their treatment to yield a superior cutting blade and knife. This is why they cost more to the knife owner, and why most makers and manufacturers do not offer these steels on their knives. This is the price for being the very best. Don't group all stainless steels together; they can be dramatically different! Are there still bad stainless steels use in knives?

Of course there are and they are typically and nowadays found on cheap stainless knives imported usually from China, India, Taiwan, or Pakistan. Unfortunately, there are also large, older American companies that still use this horrid steel.

These are 420 series stainless steels, which are worth some serious discussion. 420 stainless steel can be very corrosion resistant, and can be very tough (resistant to breakage, flexible without breaking). But please anchor this point into all of your arguments and consideration about this steel: It can only be hardened in its maximum hardness to 51-52 HRC or (52 Rockwell on the C scale). This is substantially and markedly softer than a 440C stainless steel blade, which is typically hardened and tempered to 58HRC, and often higher. 51HRC is softer than knife blades, gouges, and much softer than drills used to drill brass or wood. 51HRC is softer than augers, chisels, axes, and even sewing needles.

51HRC is softer than a leaf spring, screwdrivers, softer than even the cheapest hand-saw for wood that you can sharpen with a file. Yep, that 420 stainless steel blade that is now on most Ka-Bar knives is soft at its very highest potential of hardness, particularly when compared to fine high alloy stainless steel knives. Most of the Ka-bar knives are made of 420 stainless steel, and you'll see a sneaky advertising ploy from the manufacturer of these steels claiming the hardness is 52-58 Rockwell. This is a ridiculous, huge range of hardness, which tells me that they are either careless about their heat treating, or they want you to ignore the 52 and hope that you'll think their knives are harder (they aren't and can't be if they are 420 stainless steel). Why can't 420 be made has hard (and wear resistant) as say, 440C?

Why that's simple, by looking at just one alloy component: carbon. 440C has over ten times the carbon of 420. Make no mistake; the big name knife manufacturers here and overseas are mostly using 420 stainless steels. I use the phrase '420 series' because they may have variations, versions that have slightly higher carbon content to push the hardness up somewhat, but this is still a bad, cheap steel for any blade. Remember that 440C has ten times the carbon.

They make claims on their web sites and promotional material how great 420 is, but now you know the truth. After reading this, now you know why those cheap 420 series stainless steel blades gave all other stainless steels a bad reputation, and will continue to do so. Why do these companies and manufacturers use 420? Because it is super-cheap, easier to stamp out, grind, machine, work, and manufacture a knife with, and that represents a substantial savings to them, not to the person who wants the best knife steels for his investment. Don't group all stainless steels together; they can be drastically different! Please help to stop wives' tales, knife myths, and misconceptions in our trade through education.

Fisher, Thank you for your willingness to share your knowledge through your website. I have learned so much and have had my view on knives permanently altered by the knowledge I gained from reading your website. I will begin the same way as many of letters you receive by saying “Thank You!” Your website and the information you provide are extremely appreciated. Factory made knives are ruined for me now that you have provided a framework for me to logically think through what they are offering. I will admit that I was taken in by what you refer to as the “mysticism” of the knife industry until I read your site.

I am a mechanical engineer for an aerospace company and as I read your site, all of your arguments were logical and matched to everything I had been taught in school. My whole perspective on what a good knife is has changed. I was shocked when I read on a knife maker's website that 'Chromium prevents the steel from rusting but significantly degrades edge holding capabilities of the steel. All steels are composed of grains of the various alloying elements, the relatively large size of chromium results in a blade that will quickly dull and be very difficult to re-sharpen.' I was saddened when I read this, because it's completely wrong.

It was easy to see why this guy wrote this; he's making damascus chef's knives, knives with blades out of 52100 plain carbon steel, and he's trying to paint a better picture of his plain carbon steel. If you buy this guy's statements you are, sadly, misinformed. Let's get this very straight and clear. Chromium is an alloy that HELPS hardness, hardenability, and wear resistance, in many instances forming chromium carbides which are extremely hard and wear-resistant, quite the opposite of what this guy claims. It's unfortunate that he hasn't educated himself by reading a book on tool steels and metallurgy before he made such horrid misrepresentations on his web site.

From the Machinist's guide and AISI standards: 'Chromium improves hardenability, and together with high carbon provides both wear resistance and toughness, a combination valuable in tool applications.' How could this be unclear? Why would this fellow make such a ridiculous claim? He's making chef's knives from 52100 plain carbon steel, and he's trying to justify why you should purchase a lesser steel blade from him. 52100 is the worst type of steel for chef's knives, it will rust at the first opportunity, and is not even a tool steel. 52100 is listed (in machinist's and AISI standards) as 'a straight chromium electric furnace steel, and is of medium hardenability.' A couple things stand out here: • 52100 is a chromium steel, which means it has a small amount of chromium (1.3-1.6%).

This is in the steel to improve hardenability and wear resistance, yep, the very opposite of what he claims. However, there is not enough chromium or other alloy elements in 52100 to make it a high alloy or tool steel, and not near enough to make it corrosion resistant in any way. • 52100 is actually listed as a 'Low alloy carbon steel' It is primarily used to make economical (cheap) ball bearing races. • 52100 has low temperatures, and can be hand-forged. This is why it's popular with knife makers, because you can heat it and hammer it into a blade easily. • 52100 is listed as having extremely low corrosion resistance, exactly what you do not want in a chef's knife! • 52100's greatest advantage is that it is listed as economical and affordable.

To me, this means cheap. • 52100 is easy to machine, and easy to make a knife with. From this, the misconceptions are pretty clear; he is either uneducated or he's lying. He drones on about the grain size of the various steels (which has nothing to do with wear resistance), and the 'bonding' between the grains (which is just gibberish and nonsense), trying to convince the reader that somehow the cheaper, lesser plain carbon steel is somehow better than chromium tool steels.

Look, it's okay to make a knife from 52100 plain carbon steel; many makers do. It's a decent steel, and can be hammered into a wear-resistant knife blade with limited use. But to claim it's somehow superior to high chromium and high alloy tool steels is just a lie; it is far inferior to high alloy tool steels, that's why they are the premium materials in the finest knives, tools, instruments, and components in wear-resistant industrial applications. In any case, this is not the type of steel for any chef's knife, as it will corrode away at every opportunity, at the cutting edge, on the surface, and in any part of the blade where moisture from any source contacts it.

It will stain, rust, pit and stink, as it corrodes into your food. This application for the kitchen is just wrong. Please help to stop wives' tales, knife myths, and misconceptions in our trade through education.

Whether is CPMS30V, 440CPV, BG42, CPM(T)440V, SM 100, AUS10 CGRF8X0LG, or BR5-49: you're convinced. One of these 'new' steels is the answer to your knife dreams. The steel will hold a razor's edge forever, can be hammered through a steel anvil, bend 45° without breaking, never rust, weigh only a feather, pry diamonds out of raw stone, then shave your facial hair, cut the umbilical cord on your new baby, send waves of terror through aggressors at the mere sight of it, send waves of awe through fellow collectors at the mere thought of it, and preserve freedom for all mankind. Oh, and it can be sharpened by passing it through a summer breeze. Hopefully, you've read about the factory practice of special steel designations in the, and more information on these practices are detailed on my page.

I get these questions all the time. Is this latest craze or a gimmick, or is there a real new miracle tool steel? If there were a miracle steel, don't you think that it would sweep the country, be used on the latest high quality military grade and medical machines? Wouldn't it be used to cut other metals on machine tools like lathes, mills, boring machines, planers, drills and other machines? Why, of course it would. So what is all the hoopla about?

Pop steels, that's what. In the 1980s it was 154CM, in the early 1990s it was ceramics, in the late 1990s it was BG42, and lately it's been CPMS3V. Look, they are all good steels (except ceramics, and nickel-titanium alloys which are not steels at all) and they all can make and still do make a fine knife. I've used most of them, but they all have limitations as do all blade materials. So why are these pop steel trends so prevalent?

Factories, knife makers, dealers, importers, and salesmen always need something new. That is because they must continually sell the hyperbole, to generate interest in their product. Usually, this is because of poor overall product design. In knives, the fit and finish and balance and accessories are all labor-intensive high skill areas of production, and the fine hands-on workmanship required to make a fine finish, fit, balance, and accessories often does not happen. Factories and makers of low quality knives then rely upon gimmicks, tricks, hype, and envy to sell their product. So, every couple years, a new steel hits the market and all the guys are talking about it.

It's on the forums, in the magazines, and in discussions at shows. It's the future of knife making, lots of sales are made based on it, and then it just fades away as another gimmick steel name starts dripping off the drooling tongues of dealers, suppliers, factories, collectors, and makers. Read more about this and other knife truths at my page.

It does not mean that these popular steels are not worth investing in, they may well be. But will they replace all tool steels in knife blades? Of course not, because every steel has its advantages and disadvantages. Far too often, makers, manufacturers, and even knife dealers make up names and designations for the blade steel.

These are not trade names originating at the foundry, they are advertising ploys. Read the section below: ' for more about this. Though there are very good tool steels, there is no super steel. You can read more details about this on my FAQ page at the question: My military, police, and professional collectors know that with most production knives, the hype is thicker than fertilizer at a feed lot. Yes, there are some very good knives out there, made of fine steels. I even use many of the steels I've identified above because they are good steels. But more attention should be paid to design, fit, finish, balance, accessories, and service, because these factors are what is woefully lacking in most knife purchases and ultimately, it is these factors that determine the value of a knife..

Do I use these many kinds of steel? Sure, I do, but the reasonability and economy is sometimes prohibitive. Steels may prohibitively expensive to purchase, tool, grind, and make a knife with. And do you benefit from their attributes? Usually, you'll never realize that benefit, because these specialty steels were not developed for hand knives.

They were developed to machine, cut, die press, and form other metals and materials for industry, usually at high feed rates, high speeds, with extreme pressures and heat, sometimes under corrosive chemical exposures. The CPM high vanadium tool steels were created and are mainly used in plastic injection molding machines. Don't think that the steel manufacturers rely on knife makers and knife buyers to produce their income. Knife blade steels are roughly 1-1.5% of the tool and high alloy steel business. Knifemakers just pick up on these steels because makers like to experiment. So they find that they all perform pretty well. I even tried some M2 once to make a knife, the performance was outstanding, but the steel had ugly waves and texture in the surface.

I don't know if the user ever sharpened it, because he couldn't. Only a diamond grinder would sharpen it. So there's the limitation of usability and service too. The truth is, if more factories and knifemakers improved those six points: design, fit, finish, balance, accessories, and service, they wouldn't need to hype some specialty steel as a gimmick. What about testing knife blades to determine performance and which steel is best? Read the entire.

Here's an email asking for clarifications about my steel discussion on my site: Jay, I have really been thinking hard about the knife I would like you to make me. I think I am almost done with the design of it. I have a few question about steels and their finishes. I read what you said about S30V steel and I think it is weird that the steel does have 'even distribution of alloy elements' but yet it still chips at the edge. I went to the website of the people that make the S30V and S60V steels and of course they did make it sound like the 'best knife steel ever' but I think I trust your opinion more.

Why do you think the steel would still chip even though it has better distribution of the alloy elements? I have read a lot about the S30V steel on the internet and some people say that all steel chips at the edge, is this true? Also, I really want my knife to have the best finish possible.

Your chart on your website says that 440C has a 'excellent' finish and ATS-34 has a 'very good' finish. But, then in the section above the chart were you talk more about each steel it says that ATS-34 has a bit smoother finish than 440C.

Does this mean that ATS-34 would have the best finish or 440C? Well, sorry for the long e-mail. I just really need to know so that I can pick the best steel for me. I'll be e-mailing you my design for my knife soon to see what you think, then we can go from there. Just let me know that you think. My answer: Hi, B.

Thanks for the thoughtful questions. When guys talk about, they may be talking about edge wear. Because some of the crystalline structures in steel are very hard, like iron carbides, tungsten carbides, chromium carbides, and vanadium carbides, these extremely hard particles are brittle, so they may chip off on a microscopic level. This would show up as normal edge dulling, in concert with softer components of the edge which will wear down and abrade away.

The concern I wrote about on the site is that some of the manufactured knives made with CPMS30V and CPMS60V have been returned and analyzed, and reported to have a large amount of edge chipping, more than other typical knife steels. This is why I wrote about the concern, several sources relate that the long term use of these steels for knife blades is not yet proven or widely accepted by some clients. (Note: I've since talked to the manufacturer of CPMS30V steel, and discovered that in the online references to this steel type chipping at the cutting edges, both occurrences were due to austenitizing of the steel. One blade in question was overheated during sharpening, thus making it hard and brittle, and one blade was incorrectly heat treated overall.

My thanks for clarification to Crucible Materials Corporation) Does that mean that I think they are not good steels? No, they are great steels, as are so many others. If there were a super steel, you’d see it sweep the world, replacing every tool steel known or used by industry and the military. Why do you think that is not so?

Each steel has different properties, and each different uses. Got a special steel you prefer? I’ll try to make a knife with it! Please remember that people who sell particular steel types constantly hype their properties, as if that was the all-important measure of a fine knife. Mystery steels, specialty steels, and proprietary steels are not too far removed in discussion from “magical” steels These same sites and sales people tend to ignore blade geometry, fit, finish, accessories, service, and above all, overall knife balance.

The truth is, there are a whole host of steels that make outstanding knife blades. Don’t get swept up in the minutiae of alloy elements and properties, when all you want is a good, serviceable, reasonably hard, tough, and wear-resistant knife blade. None of these steels will allow you to cut a piece of agate, saw through a bank safe, or pry an engine block from a frame. The reason I throw in those ridiculous images is because that is typical of the misplaced hype many of these sites and suppliers spew.

My gosh, you’ve got guys calling themselves scientists on the internet endlessly discussing the microscopic details of every compound at the cutting edge, and most people who use knives carry a box cutter to open boxes, and prep their food with cheap big-chain store kitchen knives. Why do they do this? To some it may be a valid interest, but if they were really top-flight researchers, wouldn't they be working as metallurgists in the aerospace industry, for the military, or for big universities like Midwestern? Want to know what I’m talking about? Google Ferrium C69, by Questek Steel, and Greg Olson. Amazing stuff, but it probably won’t find its way to the custom knife world in a regular way, because it’s just too expensive.

Who would pay to carbon case a knife blade in a stream of hot plasma anyway? It is, after all, only a knife. What do you expect it to do?

How large, or small, how heavy or light? Can hold a decent edge, can you re-sharpen it reasonably easy?

Will it be comfortable? Will it have any lasting value? Does it have a good sheath? Is it worth investing your money in? When my grandchildren spend time in the shop with me, I make sure that they know just what fine handmade and custom knife making is about. I drill this question and into their heads until they know the answer by heart. Question: 'What is the difference between a fine handmade and custom knife, and a poorly made or manufactured knife?'

Answer: 'The handmade and custom knife increases in value year after year, the other knives decrease in value.' Thanks for the head’s up on the steel finishes, I’ll clarify those better on the site. The suppliers are different, and some ATS34 finishes smoother, and some is more granular. The 440C has higher corrosion resistance and therefore retains its finish longer. --Thanks, Jay. Some wisdom: Look, there are many good knife steels out there. When sites and discussions go on and on about steel types and properties, ad nauseam, they are often ignoring.

Don't get distracted by steel property details! The steel is just the start of the knife, not the whole. If it were, every knife made of the same steel would be the same, and every maker in the world would be out of business, not buried in orders and very expensive projects. When you see this type of site, ask to see their knives.

That will tell you a lot! What about testing knife blades to determine performance and which steel is best? Read the entire There are a great number of tool steels, and like most custom knife makers, I have my favorites. The reason a knife maker chooses a knife steel depends on a list of requirements.

Often, a client hasn't even considered some of them when he starts the conversation. The word best comes up frequently. He wants the best performance, the best durability, the best looking. 'Just give me the best steel, Jay,' he'll say, and then he'll have the best knife. It's just not that simple.

The knife maker must balance many things in his choices, some factors not even considered by the client. Here they are in detail: •: The physical properties of the knife blade (and ultimately the knife itself) can be generalized in a few factors: • Hardness: Any good custom maker who heat treats his own blades can produce a very hard blade out of any of the most commonly used blade steels. Hardness is penetration resistance,. It is not the complete standard that a blade is defined! It is merely the resistance to penetration, which contributes to wear resistance. A maker can make a blade very hard, but if he does, he'd also better make the blade very thick, because it will be brittle, and possibly break if stressed. But who wants a knife blade thick?

Only a cold chisel is left thick, not a knife blade, because a thick blade cannot be made sharp. So the hardness has to be balanced with the other factors. • Toughness: A tough knife means that the steel is resistant to fracture. The toughness-hardness relationship is explained below, in the section and below. Literally, it is the resistance of the crystalline structure to be ripped apart from itself, and that is how a break occurs. Of course you want a blade tough, because a break could be devastating anywhere along the knife blade.

The hardness-toughness relationship is under the complete control of the knife maker, within the constraints of the steel alloy used. It is critical to make a thin blade with a tough temper, because a thin cross section must support the mechanical stresses imposed on it. It seems that toughness is completely overlooked in discussions by so-called knife experts. • Wear Resistance: This is the ability of the steel at the cutting edge to resist abrasive wear.

What this means to the knife maker and client is that the blade can perform a great deal of abrasive cutting without needing to be re-sharpened. Contrary to popular thought, this is not solely the result of the hardness that a blade is tempered. Wear resistance is largely due to the alloy components in the steel's crystalline lattice. Large amounts of specific alloying elements like tungsten, vanadium, and chromium all add to the wear resistant capabilities of the blade's cutting edge.

When properly heat treated and tempered, the steel contains amounts of very hard particles, chromium carbides, tungsten carbides, and vanadium carbides that all resist wear. But sooner or later, even the hardest, most wear resistant knife blade will require sharpening, so wear resistance must be balanced with serviceability. • is my own term, and it refers to the maintenance requirements of all knife blades. Blades have active areas, mainly the cutting edge, the point, and the finish. All of these areas must be serviced and maintained, and the range of care can be seldom or frequent.

There are also serviceability requirements of the handle and sheath, and those are discussed on other appropriate web pages on this site. The knife must be suited to its environment; for instance, you wouldn't want to carry a carbon steel blade that can easily rust on marine rescue missions in the ocean.

The four factors of knife blade service are: • Sharpening: Even the hardest of knives must be sharpened, but what if the steel is so hard that it cannot be honed or sharpened by hand? The knife must be sharpened in a shop, often with a powered edge grinder and sharpener. One would think that this would make a great tool, because of long cutting edge wear resistance, but what if you're in the middle of dressing out an elk, and the knife edge has reached a point of dullness?

What if you're in combat? Many times, it is more important to have the ability to bring a cutting edge to a fine sharpness whenever it's needed than to have a knife that has greater longevity in the edge sharpness, but will take powered equipment to sharpen. New Business License Listings Fresno Ca Population on this page. I've got some guys that claim no steel is too wear resistant to field sharpen, but those guys think nothing of dragging their blades literally hours against the stone.

Another issue is the method used to sharpen the steel knife blade. If power equipment is involved, and the feed and pressure rates are too high, the thin steel at the cutting edge may be quickly heated to austenitizing range, to the point of transformation of the steel crystalline structure.

Then, even air quenched, the cutting edge becomes hard and brittle and not tempered, can easily chip. This is a seldom mentioned occurrence and danger with power sharpening.

• Geometry: A blade must have proper grind geometry to be sharpenable. If a knife is ground too thickly behind the cutting edge, it will take many hours of relieving to lower the angle of the edge in order to have a sharp knife. Though this is not always considered a factor of the blade steel type, the blades with a tough structure (resistant to breakage) will lend themselves to thinner grinds, decreasing the effort to sharpen the knife. A thick blade is a dull blade, and only tough steels can made into thin blades with reliability. • Point service: The point is the most important part of the knife blade, and to be truly effective it must be thin.

Therefore, the maker must balance the usability of a thin point with the intended use of the knife. The point must be cared for, and the rest of the blade will follow.

If the maker has done his work right, the knife user has a long-lived blade point, one that isn't sharpened away to bluntness by a bad or thick grind. If the point is maintained in use, the rest of the blade will follow. You might wonder why I focus on the point in particular. It is because if any part of your knife will fail, it will probably be the point. Steel choices must reflect the geometry, hardness, and toughness relationship of the point and ultimately, the cutting edge and the blade. • Finish: A lot of knife users initially want to forego a good finish to save a buck.

This is possible, but once they realize that it might affect knife blade performance, value, and longevity, they usually rethink that casual attitude. A finely finished knife will simply last longer than one that is rough. A finely finished knife is more valuable in the long term than a rough or poor finish. I talk about the finish in detail on my. The finish desired rests initially in the steel choice, and ultimately and decisively in the maker's skill. It's easy to see lack of skill in the finish. If the grind faces, surfaces and flat areas are crisp, clean, and well-defined, this demonstrates skill.

If those same faces meet at lines that are washed over, rounded, wavy, coarse, or do not match on both sides of the knife, this demonstrates lack of skill or poor finish practices. When you look closely at these things, even a novice knife enthusiast can tell a bad finish from a good one.

• Corrosion resistance: A critical component of a knife blade's serviceability, value, and longevity is the ability to resist corrosion. All steels corrode and can rust, even stainless steels.

Consider that the cutting edge, which when sharpened, is exposed to corrosive sources in whatever is being cut. The longevity of the cutting edge and its resistance to corrosion is set when the steel choice is made. A mirror polished finish will be the most resistant to corrosion, so the steel alloy choice and finish choice work together to determine the entire blade's corrosion resistance. •: the finest knives are not cheap, and a knife buyer's needs and desires are often tempered by these vital factors. The three factors to consider about the financial aspect of a handmade or custom knife purchase are: • Cost: All fine steels are expensive, some are very expensive. Some are much more difficult for the maker to use to construct a knife, so their use in a knife blade adds to the overall cost. Certain steels may cut the life of band saw blades, milling cutters, drills, grinding belts, and finishing supplies by three to four times, and the working, grinding, and finishing may take five times as long, so the knife maker must add the cost of all these expendables and time to the knife cost.

Some steel types may push the knife out of the price range of the client. • Value: The value of a knife blade exists in its geometry, construction, design, and finish, and less so in the materials (I'll bet all you guys wanting the latest pop steels are surprised by that!).

Mass-producers of knives, or makers who wish to somehow try to set themselves apart and above others will often focus on the steel type, and less so on their ability to design, construct, harden and temper, and properly finish a knife blade, or make a knife that has real long-term investment and working value. The real value rests in those makers' skills, not just a steel type. A similar comparison would be one of jewelry. A five gram nugget of gold costs the same as a five gram amount of gold used in a fine ring.

Which is more valuable? The value is not just the material. It is in the maker's skill, his reputation, his longevity, and his popularity. The long-term value of a knife is also based on the material's ability to retain its appearance and shape, which is related to the finish and geometry. Additionally, the value will be placed upon the knife owner's level of care for the knife. Even the most expensive knives can be neglected, rendering them of little value to collect or use.

• Size: Not all widths of steel types are available for every knife project in every alloy of steel. When fine tool steels are purchased, they are purchased in bar form. It would be nice if we could take them, like a piece of 1025 standard steel, and form them into the shape we need by forging. Since most of these finer steels can not be hand-forged due to high forging temperatures and necessity to eliminate oxidation to prevent decarburization of the steel, these steels must be worked by stock removal. So the shape of the knife pattern determines the width of the stock needed. Knives like kerambits and khukris have significant curves in the blades, necessitating wider stock, which can be much more expensive.

Heavy knives that require thick spines must start as thicker stock, and this, too, adds to the cost of the project. Though some steels can be welded to achieve the needed width and thickness, some can not. Selecting a blade form that requires wide and thick stock may be cost prohibitive.

• Maker's Name: The knife maker's name is paramount to the value of the knife. In this business, the maker's name carries the weight of all of the maker's history and accomplishments, his following, his expertise, and his future value of knives, both custom and handmade. Though a brand may simply designate a company that manufactures a knife, the maker's individual mark (usually his name) can amplify the value of the investment knife many times over when compared to factory knives or knives made by unknown or unrecognized makers, or knife makers who have not established a long track record of fine knife creation.

Consequently, just like big names in fine art, expect to pay more for that maker's knife, because it will ultimately be worth more in the long run. So, to select a steel type for a blade: here are the considerations: the physical factors of hardness, toughness, and wear resistance, the serviceability factors of sharpening, geometry, point service, finish, and corrosion resistance, and the financial factors of cost, value, size, and name. Seems so simple. Hey, where is the strength requirement? Read the next topic.

What is a strong knife blade? Every now and then, I read a post or article that talks about strength as a factor in knife blades. By definition, the strength of materials deals with the external forces applied to elastic bodies.

When these forces are applied, deformations and stresses occur, and in extreme cases, failure in the form of bending or fracture. There are a large number of factors to consider in applied forces and metal choices, geometry, time elements, temperature, corrosive exposures, and others, which all have an effect on failure rates. You'll see the word 'strong' thrown out there as if it is the all-encompassing final descriptive word to describe metals and performance. If resistance to failure was the sole measure of a knife blade, why not just leave the blade unhardened, untempered, because that makes it the most resistant to breakage? If you have an unhardened, untempered piece of steel, you can bend it this way and that way, and stretch it, and twist it, and deform it, and guess what? It won't break. It will just deform.

Eventually, it will work-harden in the area that it is most deformed, then it will become hard, and more brittle, and then it will fracture. Bend a piece of thin metal back and forth until it breaks. We've all done this; so it's easy to understand. Strength when referring to knife blades is a generalized term. There are all sorts of strength measurements: tensile strength, stress per force of unit area, compressive strength, shearing stress, unit strain, proportional limit, elastic limit, yield point, yield strength, ultimate strength, and more! Read about these strength factors in the section below: for greater details about strength.

Many materials are relatively strong. When people and websites and sales vehicles claim that their blades are strong, or very strong, or have the greatest strength, please have a strong stomach for hype (sorry, bad pun).

There is so much more to strength that a generalization like this has no place on the most detailed information source in the world, the internet. Yeah, it's strong. Yeah, it's tough, yeah, it's hard and shiny. Kind of an ambiguous, weak claim, isn't it?