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• (2012) • (2000) • (1993) • (1988) Signature Toni Morrison (born Chloe Ardelia Wofford; February 18, 1931) is an American novelist, essayist, editor, teacher, and professor emeritus. Autosketch Skd Converter Word. Morrison won the and the in 1988 for. The novel was adapted into a (starring and ) in 1998. Morrison was awarded the in 1993. Making Crack With Levamisole Dewormer. In 1996, the National Endowment for the Humanities selected her for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. Federal government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities. She was honored with the 1996 's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.

Morrison wrote the for a new opera,, first performed in 2005. On May 29, 2012, President Barack Obama presented Morrison with the. In 2016, she received the. Toni Morrison in 2013 In May 2010, Morrison appeared at for a conversation with and about South African literature, and specifically, van Niekerk's novel Agaat. Morrison wrote books for children with her younger son, Slade Morrison, who was a painter and a musician.

Slade died of on December 22, 2010, aged 45. Morrison's novel Home was half-completed when her son died. In May 2011, Morrison received an Honorary Degree from during commencement where she delivered a speech of the 'pursuit of life, liberty, meaningfulness, integrity, and truth.' Morrison debuted another work in 2011: She worked with opera director and Malian singer-songwriter on a new production,, taking a fresh look at 's tragedy.

The trio focused on the relationship between Othello's wife and her African nursemaid, Barbary, who is only briefly referenced in Shakespeare. The play–a mix of words, music, and song– premiered in Vienna in 2011. Morrison had stopped working on her latest novel when her son died. She said that afterward, 'I stopped writing until I began to think, He would be really put out if he thought that he had caused me to stop. 'Please, Mom, I'm dead, could you keep going...?' ' She completed Home and dedicated it to her son Slade Morrison. Published in 2012, it is the story of a Korean War veteran in the segregated United States of the 1950s, who tries to save his sister from brutal medical experiments at the hands of a white doctor.

Became in 2012 the home base of the Toni Morrison Society, an international literary society dedicated to scholarly research of Morrison's work., Morrison's eleventh novel, was published 2015. It follows Bride, an executive in the fashion and beauty industry whose mother tormented her as a child for being dark-skinned––a childhood trauma that has dogged Bride her whole life. Morrison is a member of the editorial advisory board member of, a magazine that was started in 1865 by Northern abolitionists. Politics, literary reception and legacy [ ] Politics [ ].

Poster for the 2000 Royal National Theatre production The Island is a play written,, and. The -era drama, inspired by a true story, is set in an unnamed clearly based on 's notorious, where was held for twenty-seven years. It focuses on two cellmates, one whose successful appeal means that his release draws near and one who must remain in prison for many years to come. They spend their days performing futile physical labor and nights rehearsing in their cell for a performance of ' in front of the other prisoners.

One takes the part of Antigone, who defies the laws of the state to bury her brother, and the other takes the part of her uncle Creon, who sentences her to die for her crime of conscience. The play draws parallels between Antigone's situation and the situation of black political prisoners. Tensions arise as the performance approaches, especially when one of the prisoners learns that he has won an early release and the men's deep friendship is tested. The Island bears testament to the resiliency of the human heart. Contents • • • • • • • • Structure [ ] The play has four scenes. It opens with a lengthy mimed sequence in which John and Winston, two cell mates imprisoned on Robben Island, shovel sand in the scorching heat, dumping the sand at the feet of the other man, so that the pile of sand never diminishes.

This is designed to exhaust the body and the morale of the prisoners. Later scenes include a, as Winston and John perform a condensed two-person version of Antigone by Sophocles. History [ ] The play was first performed in Cape Town, at a theatre called, in July 1973. In order to evade the draconian censorship in South Africa at the time (plays dealing with prison conditions, etc., were prohibited), the play premiered under the title, Die Hodoshe Span.

It was next staged at the in, with John Kani and Winston Ntshona portraying John and Winston respectively. The production, presented in with, opened on November 24, 1974 at the, where it ran for 52 performances. In an unusual move, Kani and Ntshona were named co- nominees (and eventual co-winners) for Best Actor in a Play for both The Island and Sizwe Banzi Is Dead. Over the next thirty years, Kani and Ntshona periodically performed in productions of the play.

Notable among them were the in 2000, reported at the time as their final production, although they went on to star at the in 2002 and the in 2004. Plot [ ] John and Winston share a prison cell on an unnamed Island. After another day of hard labor and having been forced to run while shackled and then beaten, they return to their cell.

They tend each other's wounds, share memories of times at the beach and rehearse for the prisoner-performed concert which is imminent. They are going to perform a scene from an abridged version of Antigone by Sophocles. John will play Creon and Winston will play Antigone. When he sees himself in his costume, Winston tries to pull out of playing a female role, fearing he will be humiliated. John is called to the governor's office.

He returns with news that his appeal was successful and his ten-year sentence has been commuted to three years: he will be free in three months. Winston is happy for him. As they imagine what leaving prison and returning home will be like, Winston begins to unravel. He doubts why he ever made a stand against the regime, why he even exists. Having said it, he experiences a catharsis, and accepts that he must endure.

The final scene is their performance of Antigone. After John-as-Creon sentences Winston-as-Antigone to be walled up in a cave for having defied him and done her duty towards her dead brother, Winston pulls off Antigone's wig and yells 'Gods of Our Fathers! Time waits no longer. I go now to my living death, because I honored those things to which honor belongs'. The final image is of John and Winston, chained together once more, running hard as the siren wails.

Characters [ ] • John has been imprisoned for belonging to a banned organization. • Winston, we find out later was imprisoned for burning his passbook in front of the police. This was a serious crime, as the passbook was used to segregate and control the South African people.

• Hodoshe, an: he is referred to and represented by the sound of a prison whistle. He is a symbolic of the apartheid state and racist rule.

The literal translation for Hodoshe is 'carrion fly' (as mentioned in the play), a large green fly. Themes [ ] • • Obedience and • Brotherhood • Freedom – bodily freedom, freedom of conscience and freedom of the mind • Memory, imagination, and the transformative power of performance Language [ ] Although the play is in English, and words are spoken as well. This causes some of the readers to fail to understand the complete message. Broadway awards and nominations [ ] • Tony Award for Best Play (co-nominee with Sizwe Banzi) • Tony Award for Best Actor in Play (Kani and Ntshona, winners) • Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play (nominee) • for Outstanding Actor in a Play (Kani and Ntshona, co-nominees) • Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play (nominee) • Drama Desk Award for Outstanding New Foreign Play (co-nominee with Sizwe Banzi) External links [ ] • • •.